The dissertation analyzes current research directions and achievements of domestic and foreign researchers in breeding and genetic research of spring barley. The issue of in-depth research and involvement in breeding process of the world gene pool with the aim of increasing productivity and adaptability, realizing the genetic potential of yield in the interaction of genotype and environment is highlighted.
Scientific novelty and practical significance of the research results consists in the theoretical generalization and practical solution of an important scientific problem, regarding the establishment of breeding and genetic features of increasing the productivity and adaptability of spring barley in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by identifying the sources of valuable economic traits, determining the parameters of genetic variation, combining ability, the degree of phenotypic dominance in systematic crossings of parent components which differ in origins, direction of use, and varieties; creation of new source material and breeding of competitive varieties of spring barley on their basis. Methodological aspects of evaluation and selection for yield and stability, resistance to abiotic and biotic factors of spring barley in various links of breeding process when using modern graphic and statistical models have been improved. Research on the identification of breeding and genetic features of barley, assessment of genotype–environment interaction has gained further development.
The breeding value of collection samples of the world gene pool was determined by the level of manifestation and stability of yield and its components, relative drought tolerance, lodging resistance and resistance to the main diseases of spring barley. In particular, on the basis of graphic (GGE biplot) and statistical (Homi, Sci) models for assessing the interaction of "genotype–environment", new genetic sources of increased productive and adaptive potential were identified: Smarahd, Krok, Avers (UKR); Almonte (CAN), Vienna (AUT). According to the results of only graphic analysis these are the samples Skald, Kormoran and Suveren (POL), of statistical analysis it was Dar Nosivshchyny (UKR). For the creation of hulless and six–row varieties, the hulless sample NSGJ-1 (SRB) and six-row samples Glacier AL. 38 (GBR) and AC Alma (CAN are relatively better (within groups) It is noted that even the selected genotypes with the best combination of yield and stability differed in the characteristics of their response to the conditions of different years of the research, which should be taken into account when involving them in crossings with the aim of creating new source material. The most expedient will be a combined approach to the selection of parental components both according to different origins (ecological-geographical principle) and according to complementary reactions to different conditions during the years of the research.
Different features have been established for the part of influence for various factors (genotype, environment, interaction between genotype and environment) in variation of quantitative traits of productivity. The samples are proposed as new genetic sources for improving the level and relative stability of individual yield components: Tiver (UKR), Suveren (POL), Strier (POL), Jermina (GBR), Ilek 16 (KAZ) (two-rowed covered), NSGJ-1 (SRB) (hulless), Glacier AL.38, AC Maple (CAN) (six-row) for productive tillering; Dar Nosivshchyny (UKR), Sviatovit (UKR), Smarahd (UKR), Victorianna (DEU), NSGJ-1 (SR) for 1000 weight; two-rowed covered samples Concerto (GBR), Almonte (CAN), Despina (DEU), Vienna (AUT), Symbat (KAZ), KAZSUFFLE 1 (KAZ) and two-rowed hulless samples CDC Candle (CAN) and Millhouse (CAN) for grain number per spike and its stability; two-rowed covered samples Tiver (UKR), Dar Nosivshchyny (UKR), Smarahd (UKR), Almonte (CAN), Skald (POL), Despina (DEU) and hulless samples Millhouse (CAN) and Phoenix (CAN) for plant productivity.
