Topko R. Multispectral diagnosis of varieties and breeding lines of winter wheat using the NDVI index in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

The dissertation summarizes the current state of achievements in winter wheat breeding in Ukraine and worldwide. The results of using the method of spectral field diagnostics of the crop to improve and accelerate breeding work are presented. The introduction highlights the relevance of the topic, its connection with scientific programs, plans and topics, the purpose of the research, which was to improve and implement field diagnostics in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The work presents the results of the analysis of literary sources on achievements in winter wheat breeding in Ukraine and worldwide, the main directions of breeding work with this crop, as well as the current state of breeding and the main tasks that breeding institutions should work on. The results of the achievements of the leading breeding institutions of Ukraine in the creation of winter wheat varieties using modern breeding methods are presented. The history of the development of breeding methods both in our country and abroad is outlined. The characteristics of the soil and climatic conditions of the place of research are described, the weather conditions during 2018–2021 are analyzed, and the trend of their changes during the last thirty years is presented. The weather conditions during the three vegetation years of the research had different effects on both the productivity results of the studied samples and the results of their phenotyping. The temperature regime of the growing season during the years of the study was slightly higher than the long-term average (for the last 30 years). The specification of the wheat source material used in the experimental part is given, namely: new varieties MIP Assol, Balada myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Yuvileina, MIP Lada, MIP Dniprianka, and the standard variety Podolianka as well as breeding lines Erythrospermum 55023, Lutescens 22198, Lutescens 37519, Lutescens 60049, and Lutescens 60107. New and existing methods of analysis and research methods are described. When using GGE-biplot and AMMI analysis, a comprehensive evaluation of genotypes for productivity and stability was carried out. With REML/BLUP analysis, genetic parameters and genotypic values were determined for a number of investigated traits. On the basis of the obtained data, breeding indices were calculated for a set of traits. The possibility of using spectral vegetation indices obtained from UAV (drone) in breeding process has been established. More accurate identification of genotypes by a set of traits is provided by the combined use of multivariate statistical methods, breeding indices and NDVI indicators.