The research was conducted in the right-bank Forest Steppe during 2019–2022 under the field conditions of the crop rotation experimental field of the Department of Land Cultivation, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University.
Winter pea plants of NS Moroz and Enduro varieties, plant growth regulator Endophyt–L1 PK, bioinoculant BTU–p and microfertilizers LF–LEGUMES and LF Biobor 140 were used during the experiments.
It was investigated that complex pre-sowing treatment with growth regulating and bacterial preparations on the background of N45P45K45 fertilizer and with two foliar fertilizations with microfertilizers at different phases of development ensured an increase in the height of plants in varieties NS Moroz and Enduro by 5–10 % and 6–9 %, respectively, compared to the control variant.
It was found that the largest biomass of winter pea plants was formed in the variants with the complex application of pre-sowing treatment with Endophyte–L1 PK and bioinoculant BTU–p with N45P45K45 fertilizer and two-phase fertilization (3–5 leaves and budding) LF–LEGUMES and LF–LEGUMES + LF Biobor 140, wherein the phase of budding, flowering, and formation of beans, compared to the control without pre-sowing treatment, the mass of plants was increased by 66 %, 24 %, 15 % in the NS Moroz variety and 67 %, 29 %, 15 % in the Enduro variety.
It was found that all the researched growing technologies led to an increase in the area of the assimilation surface of the stipules of winter pea plants in the budding-flowering phase by 11–64 %, which occurred due to increased vegetative growth and an increase in the growth rate of the leaf surface.
It was found that the application of complex pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Endophyte–L1 PK (10 ml/t) and bioinoculant BTU–p (3 l/t) in combination with N45P45K45 fertilizer and two-time foliar top dressing at the phase of 3-5 stipules of LF–LEGUMES (1.5 l/ha) and budding of LF–LEGUMES (2.5 l/ha) + LF Biobor 140 (1.0 l/ha) ensured the formation of the highest content of chlorophylls a and b in the stipules of winter pea varieties, which on average during years of research. At the phase of budding, flowering, and formation of beans, it exceeded the control variant by 4–13 %, 4–11 %, and 1–8 %, respectively.
The highest yields of winter pea seeds were obtained with complex pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the plant growth regulator Endophyt–L1 PK and the bacterial preparation BTU–p with two fertilization at the phase of 3–5 stipules with fertilizers LF–LEGUMES (1.5 l/ha) and budding phase with fertilizers LF–LEGUMES (2.5 l/ha) + LF Biobor 140 (1.0 l/ha) amounted to 3.32 t/ha for NS Moroz variety and 3.10 t/ha for Enduro variety. The increase in yield in this experimental version of varieties increased by 1.09 and 0.96 t/ha, respectively.
It was established that the most optimal conditions for the formation of high productivity of winter pea crops and the improvement of grain quality indicators, namely the content of crude protein and fat, consisted of complex pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Endophyt–L1 PK (10 ml/t), bioinoculant BTU–p (3 l/t) with two-time foliar fertilization at the phase of 3–5 stipules with LF–LEGUMES fertilizers (1.5 l/ha) and the budding phase with LF–LEGUMES fertilizers (2.5 l/ha) + LF Biobor 140 (1.0 l/ha), where, on average, over the years of research, the content of crude protein and fat in grain increased by 13.7 % and 0.57 % in the NS Moroz variety and by 13.0 % and 0.55 % in the Enduro variety, respectively, compared to the control variant.
It was established that the maximum growth of the economic efficiency indicator in winter pea varieties of NS Moroz and Enduro was obtained in the variant for carrying out complex pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Endophyt–L1 PK growth regulator (10 ml/t) and the bioinoculant BTU–p (3 l/t) and carrying out two-time fertilization at the phase of 3–5 stipules with microfertilizer LF–LEGUMES (1.5 l/ha) and the budding phase with microfertilizers LF–LEGUMES (2.5 l/ha) and LF Biobor 140 (1.0 l/ha), where with a reduced cost of production, the level of profitability was 47 % and 36 % for obtaining additional profit in the amount of 9722 and 8079 UAH/ha.
