Yeremenko K. Administrative and legal bases for stimulating the use of alternative energy sources in the maritime industry

The dissertation is the first comprehensive scientific research, devoted to the formation of a new scientifically grounded concept of administrative and legal support for stimulating the use of alternative energy sources in the maritime industry in order to create a theoretical basis for updating the Ukrainian legislation and the practice of its application. In the dissertation this is the first time: the modern system has been characterized of management of mitigation of climate change in navigation, taking into account the ecosystem approach and the concept of sustainable development; the state of implementation has been determined in the modern public administration of navigation «the rule of sulphur 2020»; the legal tools and the best practices have been systematized for promoting the use of alternative energy sources as an effective means of rising the energy efficiency of ships, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions, introducing environmentally friendly technologies in navigation and port activities; the features of the means of public administration of navigation have been analyzed in the areas of control of emissions and stimulation of compliance with the rules, provided for the Annex VI to the MARPOL on control of emissions; the characteristic features have been determined of relational interaction of subjects of public administration of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in shipping; the competing, but not conflict, nature of the european level of public administration against air pollution from maritime ships with a global, ensured by the IMO; the features have been characterized of implementation of the Annex VI to the MARPOL in the legislation of Ukraine; the role has been defined of seaports in the decarbonization of maritime and port activities; the administrative and legal methods have been determined of stimulating the use of alternative and renewable sources of energy in the maritime industry. During the study of the problems of the research, it has been improved: the concept of providing an ecosystem approach to the public administration of maritime and port activities; the scientific approaches to the formation and the application of legal and organizational tools to prevent change of climate. It has been acquired further development: the views on the peculiarities of forms and methods of public administration in the updated concept of administrative law of Ukraine; the scientific provisions on legal and organizational support for the introduction of ecological energy-saving technologies in shipping and port activities; the ideas of the introduction of a global system of the trade of quota on emissions of pollutants in the air. A number of changes has been proposed to the current legislation of Ukraine on the alternative energy, the possibility of updating the international standards of public administration of combating the greenhouse gas emissions from shipping into the atmosphere, as well as the ways to improve the policy of stimulating the introduction of low-carbon or renewable types of fuels in navigation and the directions for optimizing the administration of the maritime and port sector in order to reduce anthropogenic burden on the environment. The work has noted that the basic internationally-legal acts on change of climate and reducing the environmental pollution had been formed the basis for appropriate measures in the legal regulation of activities in the maritime areas, carried out under the aegis of the IMO in order to reduce the negative impact of shipping on the atmospheric air and, as a result, to slow the greenhouse effect and change of climate. The IMO`s activities are active in ensuring and directing international cooperation and exchange of energy-efficient technologies, aimed at creating the specialized projects to increase the awareness of the subjects of the world navigation about the ways and the possibilities of switching to nature-friendly technologies through the decarbonization of the maritime industry. The IMO`s legal instruments to prevent the change of climate are aimed at the developing mechanisms to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases such as СО2, SOx, NOx and volatile organic compounds, as well as to improve the level of the energy efficiency of ships, covering the implementation of the rules of energy efficiency and promoting the international cooperation in the use of alternative types of fuels.