Ethanol is a type of alternative fuel or fuel additive used in spark ignition engines. Ethanol is a renewable fuel produced by processing raw materials of agricultural origin. Research on the use of ethanol as an additive was carried out by both domestic and foreign scientists. The basis of the research was to evaluate the efficiency and environmental performance of a spark-ignition engine when adding ethanol, usually up to 50%. Based on the research results, the adaptability of the spark-ignition engine power system to the use of ethanol as a fuel additive was assessed. The use of fuel with the addition of ethanol reduces the amount of CO and CH in the exhaust gas. As a result of the use of ethanol, there is a slight increase in engine power and torque when the ethanol content in the fuel is up to 20%, but at the same time the hourly fuel consumption increases due to the lower lower calorific value of the mixed fuel. It is advisable to study the efficiency, fuel economy and environmental performance indicators when using gasoline with a high ethanol content as fuel in an engine with a spark ignition, injection system and catalytic neutralization of exhaust gases.
Established:
1. Many scientific works have been devoted to research on the use of ethanol, in which the economic, environmental and efficient performance of the engine when powered by a mixture of gasoline and ethanol with a content of up to 40% has been studied. An urgent issue remains ensuring the efficiency and environmental friendliness of an engine with an injection system and neutralization of exhaust gases when powered by gasoline with an ethanol content of more than 40%.
2. Using the developed methodology, the value of the maximum ethanol addition for internal combustion engines with spark ignition, a feedback injection system and catalytic neutralization of the exhaust gas is theoretically justified, which should not exceed 60% by weight to ensure efficient operation of the catalytic neutral.
3. The methodology for processing experimental indicator diagrams when powering an internal combustion engine with spark ignition, a feedback injection system and catalytic neutralization of exhaust gases with gasoline with ethanol additives up to 75% has been refined, in particular, when analyzing the combustion process. stable and heat-intensive working fluid depending on the ethanol content in the fuel.
4. Based on the results of experimental studies, it was established that the use of fuel with an alcohol-containing additive leads to an increase in absolute fuel consumption by an average of 34%, which is associated with the lower heat of combustion of fuel with an alcohol-containing additive. The energy performance of the engine is achieved for E50 fuel at the level of a gasoline engine. The use of E75 leads to a depletion of the mixture by an average of 0.02 units according to the excess air coefficient, which causes a slight deterioration in the engine’s energy performance and a decrease in neutralization efficiency.
5. Based on the results of an analysis of the engine operating process when using fuel with an alcohol-containing additive, it was found that the use of E50 fuel leads to a certain decrease in the maximum pressure during combustion compared to the use of gasoline, however, when using E75 fuel, the maximum pressure is the same as when powered by gasoline. The use of fuel containing an alcohol additive leads to a decrease in the maximum pressure and temperature of the cycle in the low and partially medium load zone. In the medium load zone, the maximum pressure value practically does not differ from the type of fuel. Based on the obtained effects of ethanol content on the excess air ratio and the temperature of combustion products, it can be concluded that when using E50 fuel, nitrogen oxide emissions will be slightly lower than when using gasoline, and the use of E75 fuel will lead to a significant increase in nitrogen oxide emissions due to a decrease in the efficiency of their neutralization. Based on the results of calculating the mass emissions, it can be established that when using fuels with a high ethanol content, CO emissions are reduced by 40-80%. At the same time, mass emissions of CH increase somewhat due to a deterioration in the efficiency of their neutralization. Mass CO2 emissions are reduced by 4.5-15% when using fuels with a high ethanol content.
6. Taking into account the studied ethanol content in the fuel, appropriate limits for the addition of ethanol to gasoline have been determined, which makes it possible to improve the indicated indicators, which should be up to 70% by weight of the fuel.
Key words: spark ignition engine, fuel efficiency, alcohol-containing gasoline, fuel consumption, engine, efficiency, mathematical model, exhaust gases, alternative fuels, harmful emissions, environmental indicators, energy indicators, internal combustion engine, increasing engine energy efficiency, engine power.
