The inner structure of galaxy clusters, including their morphology, regular substructures and different types of features, and orientations of galaxies according to the parent structures are studied in the present work. The study is based on statistical analysis with the use of specially prepared software. The software was developed by the author of the present Thesis, especially for analyzing the 2D distribution of galaxies in clusters. The main goals include the detection of regions of increased density in galaxy clusters, and the morphological classification of clusters according to the shapes and locations of these regions. The goal of the study was also to analyze the orientations of images of galaxies in clusters according to detected substructures as well as parent clusters. Modern ideas about the evolution of the Universe, in particular the formation of its Large-Scale Structure, are based on theoretical studies, super-computer multi-particle simulations, and comparison of the results with the observed distribution of matter. Large astrophysical sky surveys, starting with POSS (Palomar Observatory Sky Survey), contain information about millions of galaxies. A lot of catalogs of galaxy clusters and superclusters are based on these surveys. Clusters of galaxies are significant elements of the large-scale structure of the Universe, and, at the same time, they are the largest virialized systems in the observable Universe. The observational base of the Thesis is the “Catalogue of Clusters and Groups of Galaxies”, created by Panko and Flin. This Catalogue is based on the list of galaxies of the Muenster Red Sky Survey (MRSS, authors Ungrue et al.), which is one of the results of the careful analysis of 217 digitized astronegatives of the European Southern Observatory, which covers approximately 5 thousand square degrees of the southern sky with a galactic latitude b < – 45°. The research was carried out according to the planned research works of Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, research topic No. 303 “Morphology and dynamics of multicomponent space systems”, state registration number 0120U104575. The aim of the study is detailed analysis of the two-dimensional distribution of galaxies in the cluster field using specially created software; search for individual internal features of different shapes (elliptical, filamentary, cross-shaped, etc.) by statistical methods; assessment of the role of the brightest galaxies in substructures; obtaining data on the observed features of orientations of
galaxies in clusters and detected substructures; evaluating of the evolutionary status of the cluster based on its morphological features.
