Truten I. Polarization effects in the formation of heavy quarks at high energies

Truten I.V. Polarization effects in the formation of heavy quarks at high energies - Qualification scientific work on the rights of manuscript. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in specialty 104 - Physics and Astronomy (Field of Knowledge 10 - Natural Sciences) - National Research Center "Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2024. The Thesis presents a comprehensive theoretical study of processes of electron-positron annihilation processes at high energies, with a special emphasis on the conditions of future electron-positron colliders such as the Compact Linear Collider. The main attention is focused on the reaction of top quark pairs production and their subsequent decay into bottom quarks and W bosons, as well as the study of polarization effects and CP symmetry breaking in these processes. The methods of theoretical physics used allowed us to obtain new results that extend the understanding of anomalous interactions beyond the Standard Model The following key aspects are considered in this work: Polarization effects in the process of top quark production: a detailed analysis of the top-quark polarization components as a function of the scattering angle at the center of mass energy √s=380 GeV is carried out. A significant dependence of the polarization components on the presence of anomalous couplings γtt and Ztt generated by dimension d=6 operators is established. These results are important for studying the polarization properties of the top quark and their influence on the final decay products. Analysis of energy and angular distributions of decay products: a method has been developed to study the energy and angular distributions of the bottom quarks produced by the decay of the top quark. The method takes into account possible anomalous interactions, including both CP-violating and CP-conserving effects, which allows to predict more accurately the distributions of final particles in experiments. Study of CP-symmetry breaking: the effect of CP-violating and CP-conserving form factors on the asymmetries of the energy distributions of bottom quarks is studied. It is shown that the asymmetries of energy distributions, such as the forward-backward asymmetry, are sensitive to the parameters of anomalous interactions, which indicates the possibility of observing these effects in experiments. Dependence of asymmetries on the energy of the e+e- pair: the dependence of the polarization of top quarks properties and bottom quarks asymmetries on the invariant energy of the electron-positron pair in the range up to √s=3 TeV was analyzed. Scientific significance and prospects: the obtained results confirm the importance of anomalous interactions for studying the properties of elementary particles. The proposed approaches can become the basis for further research aimed at refining physical models describing the behavior of particles at the quantum level.