Bereka V. Electrophysical processes during the treatment of water in the droplet-film state by pulsed barrier discharge

The dissertation is devoted to the study of electrophysical processes during a pulsed barrier electric discharge in atmospheric pressure gas with inclusions, the electrophysical properties of which are significantly different from the properties of the surrounding medium with the duration of pulses up to 100 ns, the determination of the energy efficiency of water treatment in the field of such a discharge and the conditions that provide water purification from complex chemical pollutants. The main tasks of the work are to create a uniform impulse barrier discharge provided there are inhomogeneities in the form of water droplets and films in the interelectrode gap, which increases the efficiency of generating highly active particles; determining the parameters of the movement of the liquid being processed, in which the distribution of the electric field in the interelectrode gap will contribute to the generation of active radicals; coordinating the compatible operation of the unipolar power supply and the discharge chamber by simulating their compatible operation and installing a magnetic key in the output stage of the pulse generator, which stabilizes the discharge and makes it possible to utilize the energy that was accumulated on the barrier during a direct current pulse; determined effects of changes in the electrical parameters of the impulse barrier discharge (pulse repetition frequency, current, voltage) on the energy efficiency of processing; creation of a prototype of a discharge chamber for water treatment by pulsed barrier discharge according to the modular principle, which makes it possible to scale water treatment plants to the industrial level (with a capacity of up to 10 m3/day). The novelty of the work is as follows: For the first time, the possibility of the existence of a homogeneous impulse barrier discharge in a heterogeneous environment with water drops near which the field strength increases, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the generation of radicals used in the process of decomposition of stable chemical compounds, has been experimentally proven for the first time. New experimental results were obtained, which justify the feasibility of using voltage pulses with a front duration of several tens of nanoseconds, applying a water film on the surface of the cathode, and using a dielectric barrier with a relative dielectric constant that does not exceed the value 10 to obtain a stable uniform barrier discharge in a chamber with water drops. It was experimentally established for the first time that it is advisable to treat water with a pulsed barrier discharge for the purpose of decomposition of dissolved chemical compounds in the droplet state with submillimetre droplet size (0.8-1.2 mm), determined pulse duration of the order of 100 ns, pulse repetition frequency of up to 300 Hz, the length of the discharge gap up to 3.5 mm, for which the highest energy efficiency is achieved - up to 60 g/kWh with 90% decomposition of methylene blue in the model solution. The possibility of constructing discharge chambers for the implementation of a pulsed barrier discharge on the surface of water, which is in the droplet state and in the form of films on the surface of the electrodes, according to the modular principle by matching the output capacity of the pulse generator and the total capacity of the parallel connected electrodes, has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally proven. systems, the capacities of which are in a ratio of 2.6 to 1, which makes it possible to scale the water treatment plant.