Dediaeva I. Transformation the problem of freedom in structuralism: comparative analysis of C. Levi-Strauss' and M. Foucault's philosophical conceptions

3. The dissertation is devoted to research the transformation of idea of freedom, fundamental to philosophy, in the concept of structuralism, as an attempt of alternative to traditional metaphysics interpretation of the human nature. Retrospective analysis of the problem of human freedom was realized. It opens metaphysical understanding of human nature as such which has the moment external, changeable-historical, and transcendental, continuous moment. On a material of K. Levi-Strauss and M. Foucault outlook concepts reconstruction of methodological, anthropological and the sociopolitical program of structuralism is carried out. Deciding feature of methodology of structuralism - denying the transcendental human nature - is established. It is revealed, that the substantiation of idea of freedom in structuralism is carried out through opposition the own methodology to classical rationalistic (from Socrates to Hegel) tradition of philosophizing, and denying the metaphysical sense of a category "freedom". The impossibility is proved within the framework of the given methodology of a substantiation of idea of freedom, human ability to live, social movement and development. Refusing in transcendental essence to a human nature, structuralists come or to prohibition of the person as such, or are compelled to ascertain an inconsistency of own methodology.