Olishevska S. Ecological-taxonomic characteristics and biological activity of microfungi isolated from heavy metal polluted Ukrainian soils.

The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of heavy metals on diversity of soil microfungi; resistance, chemotropism and sorption abilities of micromycetes in relation to copper ions; and degradation of concrete by mitosporic fungi. It was isolated and identified 119 species 52 genus (420 strains) of micromycetes. We have found 3 new and 12 rare species for Ukrainian micobyota. The quantity of dark-colored micromycetes was greater (40 - 42,5 %) in the most heavy metal polluted soils than in reserve soils (13,3 - 24,1 %). All the microfungi were divided on four groups: high resistant, resistant, sensitive and supersensitive to copper ions strains. We modified method of tessellated agar tiles to study chemotropic reactions of micromycetes to copper ions. It has been found 15 strains, which grew to 2 - 10 mМ Cu2+, 2 negative chemotropic strains and 17 strains whith inhibited growth to copper ions. The radial growth rate of Fusarium and Trichoderma species towards agar tiles with 6, 8 and 10 mMCu2+ situated on the 4 cm distance from fungal inoculum was in 1,5 - 2 times less than their growth rate towards control agar tiles. The most efficient sorbents were fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides (strains 77 and 716) and Stachybotrys chartarum (strains 357 and 424) - sorption ability was 71,4 - 83,6 %. The most efficient biodestructors were strains Cladosporium cladospoioides 3, Alternaria alternata 37 and Aspergillus niger 42, which produced organic acids and leached Сa2+, Si4+, Al3+ and Fe3+ from concrete samples.