The thesis is devoted to the substantiation of the clinical use of modern surgical methods at intrabone dental implantation, to the rise of efficiency and expansion of testimonies for it's conducting at patients with the defects of dental rows and jaws. 151 patients with endoosseous implantation of upper and lower jaw were under observation and examination. All the said patients came through surgical stage of intraosseous dental implantation. All the patients under observation, who got endoosseous dental implantation were subdivided into three groups: group I - 41 patients with an alveolar process of maxilla and lower jaw of sufficient height and width; group II - 57 patients with an alveolar process of maxilla of insufficient height; group III - 53 patients with an alveolar process of maxilla and lower jaw of sufficient height but insufficient width. Supervision over osseoregeneration processes was carried out by means of clinical (inspection, palpation, percussion) and additional (X-ray, contact thermometry, potentiometer survey, periotestmetry, determination of peripheral nerves functional activity etc.) methods of investigation. On the grounds of carried out research it was proved that intraosseous dental implantation may be performed on a high level of efficiency in case of atrophy of alveolar process of upper jaw bone, characterized by significant degree of intensity. For this purpose, in case of open and close sinus-lifting it is recommended to employ additional fixing of intraosseous dental implants, using of titanic mini-plates. Fixation is done simultaneously with setting of endoosseous implants. Indications of potentiometry (potential drop, current strength, and electrical conduction of oral liquid) do not positively differ one from another either under traditional or modified (with employment of additional fixation) sine-lifting. Usage of modified system of sine-lifting allows reducing the period of osseointegration for 2 months and more comparing with traditional method. In order to provide tender detachment of mucous tunic of maxillary sinus or nasal cavity from bone, it was introduced to employ the method of operating of closed antro-lifting by stretching of tissues, using silicon balloon - expander. Using of compressor with the maximum pressure of not more, than 248 millibar fills the said balloon. Usage of silicon balloon in case of closed antro-lifting makes it possible to detach mucous tunic of maxillary sinus or nasal cavity evenly and with no perforation. Thus, a cavity is created. Later it is filled with osseoplastic material and intraosseous dental implants are set over there. Employment of the operation, suggested by us makes it possible to avoid accrual of complications during performance of surgery, i.e. perforation mucous tunic, which in case of traditional closed sine-lifting is detected with 26.7 % of patients, and in case of closed nasal lifting - with 33.3% of the persons under observation. It also allows reducing the period of osteointegration. If dental implant is submerged into alveolar process of upper jaw bone less, than for 30% of its length, it is recommended to provide additional fixation of it using titanic mini-plates. In order to provide strengthening of separate intraosseous dental implants it is suggested to fix it to upper jaw bone, and in case of setting of several intraosseous dental implants - to fix them between each other with a mini-plate and cover them with mucous periosteal graft. In order to facilitate the process of setting of intraosseous dental implants when doing operation of split and widening of alveolar processes of jaws, in the period of performing of surgery it is suggested to use dental wedges and instrument for their input. For restoring of defects and deformations of bone walls of alveolar processes, as well as for filling of cavities that emerge during operation, when doing sine-lifting, it is recommended to use resorbable synthetic osteoplastic material - biogran and kergap. After carrying out of typical endoosseous implantation or surgery, connected with setting of dental implants, as well as in osteointegration dynamics, it is recommended to identify the state of peripheral branches of trigeminus in the point of performed surgery using identification of pain, tactile or temperature sensation of tissues, innervated by this nerve. After termination of endoosseous dental implantation or performance of surgeries, connected with setting of intraosseous implants it is recommended to use ketanov as an anaesthetic and Tsyfran ST as a resolvent.
