Mashynnyk S. The efficacy of nitrogen fertilizers application under spring soft wheat on chornozem opodzolic in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Object - interrelation between connections of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen fertilizers and a nutrition of plants spring soft wheat on chornozem opodzolic in the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Purpose - to establish ways of optimization of a nitrogen nutrition of plants spring soft wheat due to effective application of dozes and terms of entering of nitrogen fertilizers, and diagnostics of conditions of a nutrition of plants on chornozem opodzolic in the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods - short-term experience, long stationary experience, laboratory - analytical methods of researches, chemical analyses of a soil material and plants, an economic estimation and statistical processing of the information. Theoretical results - monitoring the migration of the mobile forms of nitrogen along soil profile at different dozes and terms of nitric fertilizers application and on this basis is calculate an optimum doze; the influence of fertilizers on dynamics of increase of overground weight and yield formation is established; optimum terms of realization of vegetative diagnostics for forecasting productivity and quality of spring soft wheat are determined; the influence of long-term fertilizers application in stationary experiment on realization of productivity potential of spring soft wheat in comparison with other grain cultures is investigated; the economic, power and agrochemistry estimation of use of different dozes and terms of nitric fertilizers application is carried out. Practical results - are developed recommendations of definition of dozes of nitrogen fertilizers on the basis of results: soil diagnostics before sowing, and plant the express train of diagnostics "N-tester" in important growth stages that provides reception planned productivity of a grain spring soft wheat suitable 1 - to 2 class. Novelty - for the first time in conditions in the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine it is developed system of fertilizer spring soft wheat which provides entering nitrogen fertilizers in the spring before sowing behind results of soil diagnostics and, if necessary, in top dressing on the basis of sheet diagnostics by the portable device "N-tester". It is established law of influence of a level of fertility of soil, different dozes and terms of application of nitrogen fertilizers on changes of a nitrogen mode of soil, dynamics of growth of elevated weight and mastering of basic elements of a nutrition, formation of a grain yield spring soft wheat and its qualities. It is improved diagnostics of its nitrogen nutrition with the help "N-tester" and it is developed a scale of provided by nitrogen. The degree of application - the basic results of researches are introduced into 2005 in SRF SE "Rodnikovka" Uman SАU on the area 65 га and in PE "Papugyncy" Talne district, Cherkassy region on 157 га, per 2006 - in study and research and production branch Uman SAU on the area 114 га. The field is agrochemistry and agricultural sciences.