Lisovsky R. Synthesis, modification and physical properties of nanoporous carbon

The results of complex researches of activated carbon (AC) got a hydrothermal method at high pressure as electrode material of electrochemical capacitor (EC) worked on principle of charge / discharge of double electric layer (DEL) are presented in thesis. It is shown, that thermo-vacuum treatment of got AC increases the specific capacity of proper EC on 10-15 % as a result of uncontrolled admixtures desorption. The influencing of AC alloying by the metals with high density of the electronic states on energy-capacity characteristics of EC is explored. It is exposed, that AC alloying by chrome and manganese increases a specific capacity of EC on 69-71 %, respectively, and results in reduction of internal resistance on 30-35 %. The reason of such growth is transformation of valence bond of carbon material due to adding of the additional electronic states from the inculcated metals. As results, the considerably greater quantity of ions (first of all, positive) will take part of in DEL forming, and, consequently, and to predetermine growth of specific capacity. On the basis of analysis of dependences of specific capacity from alloying admixture concentration the optimum concentrations of chrome and manganese (0,2 weight % and 0,3 weight %, respectively), at which the indicated dependence has a maximum, are found. The reason of specific capacity reduction at subsequent growth of concentration, which consists in blocking by the metal atoms of working pores, is grounded. The optimum conditions of the chemical alloying and heat treatment of AC, at which distributing of alloying admixtures in a volume AV is uniform, are set by the method of second ion mass-spectrometry. The nature of position change of Fermi level from the alloying degree by Er is set on the basis of X-ray photoelectronic spectra. The substantial increase of electronic density near Fermi level is exposed, the reason of which is reconstruction in an electronic subsystem of AV. The got nanoporous modified AC is perspective for practical application inEC as electrode material. The laboratory standards of EC are formed on its basis in the frame of standard size "2525", specific capacity of which is 150 F/g in water solution of KOH electrolyte