Marchenko V. Relativistic shock waves in Hypernova envelopes

The thesis deals with the study of motion of relativistic shock waves in the Hypernova envelopes and the observational signatures of this motion. The similarity and difference in motion of relativistic and nonrelativistic shock waves in nonuniform medium are investigated. The 2D modeling of shock front evolution from stopped jet in the Hypernova envelope are performed. It is shown that hydrodynamical collimation of particles with Lorentz-factors above 100 is about 30-40 degrees. The parameters of hard thermal radiation flash and hydrodynamically accelerated particles from relativistic spherically symmetric shock break-out at Hypernova star surface are estimated. It is shown that representative value of photon energy of thermal flash is about 10-100 keV, energy spectrum of accelerated particles is power low with index 3.5-4.8 and maximum accelerated particle energy about 400 GeV. The parameters of hadronic gamma-flash that appears from neutral pions decay as a result of inelastic collisions between accelerated particles and circumstellar environment are estimated. The detectability of thermal and hadronic flashes by space X-ray and gamma-ray missions are estimated.