Yastremskaya L. Role of anaerobic microorganisms during transformation of agricultural raw material in a biogas

Dissertation is devoted to the study of anaerobic microorganisms and their role in transformation of agricultural raw material in a biogas. The special methods and study of devices for a selection, cultivation and study of physiological biochemical properties of anaerobic microorganisms were developed. From the thermophilic accumulating methanogenes culture from active silt of methantank were isolated and identified thermophilic cellulolytic, saccharolytic and methanogenes microorganisms -C.thermocellum 5CT, C.thermosaccharolyticum 1S, Methanobacterium sp.13M, Methanosarcina sp. 84 MS, which will utilize organic matters. For cellulolytyc strain of C.thermocellum 5CT and saccharolytyc strain of C.thermosaccharolyticum 1S was foundan level of an optimum redox-potential, which is equal -260 mV and -140 mV, accordingly, which determines intensity of processes of biosynthesis of cultures. Influencing products of metabolism is explored, which appear during transformation of organic matters on thevital functions of anaerobic cultures. It is shown, that hydrogen as product of metabolism is regulated by development of cultures and output of the finished products of metabolism of C. thermocellum 5CT and C. thermosaccharolyticum 1S. Multiplying the concentration of hydrogen to intensification of formation of ethanol in 2 times and formation of acetate оppresses in 3 times. Strains of C. thermocellum 5CT and C.thermosaccharolyticum 1S resistant to 2% ethanol. Strain of C. thermocellum 5CT contains the active cellulase complex of enzymes, steady to the action of oxygen. Based on the selected monocultures was composed association of anaerobic microorganisms, which was suggested to use in different biotechnology, for example, in processing of wastes of agricultural productions. Optimum correlation of monocultures, which are included in an association, was found, which enable to make influence on the output of the finished goods of metabolism - methane, ethanol, acetate. For intensification of output ofa biogas and of metabolites during transformation of organic wastes. It was suggested to use the magnetic fields with frequency of pulsation 2-10 Hz and with magnetic induction of 40-120 mTl, at speed of stream of liquid of 36 m/m.