Bordyuzha N. Optimization of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilization of Winter Wheat on the Meadow-Chernozemic Calcareous Soil in the Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Long-term fertilizer application in the crop-rotation influences on the nutrient regime and physical properties of soil. It increased mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium content. Structure and density of the meadow-chernozemic calcareous soil were improved. The high correlation between grain yield and content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium was determined. Improvement of nutrient regime and physical properties of soil increased winter-hardiness of winter wheat. In the autumn plants accumulated more mono- and disaccharides and used it economically. The foliar dressing by complex long-term fertilizer application in the crop-rotation improved biochemical and physical processes in plants. It increased leaf area, content of dry mater and nitrogen in the top floor leafs, efficiency of photosynthesis, grain yield and quality of grain, meal and bread were improved. Basic application of mineral fertilizers in rate N45Р120К120 plus N30 applied in early spring as topdressing plus foliar dressing was most effective. The name of complex water-soluble fertilizers for foliar dressing were "Folicare". Folicare (10-5-4) was applied in the beginning of spring tiller density. Folicare (18-18-18) was applied in the beginning of stem elongation. Folicare (22-5-22) was applied in the beginning of preheading.