The thesis is devoted to the solution of an urgent task, increase in efficacy of treating patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. The study was based on examination and treatment of 150 patients with respiratory impairment during sleep, manifested through snoring and obstructive apnea. On the basis of realized clinical-phoniatric analysis of patient treatment using cryoeffect, electromagnetic waves in MM range, and electrical myostimulation of soft palate, positive effect was noticed in 30%, 26.6%, and 31.2% of the patients, respectively, observed, as a rule, on initial stages of upper airways constriction. Indications for use of the abovementioned methods are determined. It has been noticed that 83.3% of patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea reveal latent insufficiency of velopharyngeal sphincter, manifested following functional vocal loading as change of the indices characterizing resonator and articulator soft palate function. Following an electrical myostimulation course and EHF (extremely high frequency) exposure, improvement in functional condition of muscle elements of palatopharyngeal valve was observed. Using the obtained positive results of physical factors exposure, we have developed a unified method for complex treatment of patients. Its use has been found to result in elimination of permanent snoring in 53.3% of the cases, as well as in 13.3% decrease of its intensity. At the second stage, we rejected the unified approach to the treatment of patients with chronic bronchopathy. Cephalometric analysis and MRT examination had revealed that the patients suffering from snoring devoid of apnea are characterized with enlargement of soft palate in 73.9% of the cases, decrease of the same in 26.1% of the cases, and increase of tongue size with its backward displacement in 41.3% of the cases. Simultaneous increase of soft palate and tongue size is detected in patients with snoring and obstructive apnea. Use of the elaborated methods of complex treatment enables increasing the treatment efficacy to 76.9% in patients with anatomic constriction, and to 42.8% in patients with physiological constriction of upper airways, depending on the level and mechanism of upper airways constriction. Increase in intensity of lipid peroxidation, depending on the degree of upper airways constriction, has been noticed in patients with respiratory impairment during sleep. Metabolic changes in peripheral blood cells, normalized following treatment, were also noticed.
