Buslyk T. Peculiarities of Structural-Functional Organization of Erythrocytes under Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The object of the research is biochemical mechanisms mediating structural and functional changes in erythrocytes of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM). The overall aim of the research is to determine molecular and biochemical mechanisms mediating changes in the morphological and structural-functional state of peripheral blood erythrocytes under type 1 DM; to de-termine the effect of L-Arg/NO system on the functional state of the erythron system, as well as the cor-rection of disturbances caused by the pathology. The subject of the research is cytological and biochemi-cal peripheral blood indices; the content of stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NO2- and NO3-); erythrocyte aggregation abilities; erythrocyte membrane proteins; membrane bound sialic acid; and the structure of membrane erythrocyte carbohydrate determinants. Research methodologies: biochemical, immunocyto-chemical, cytological, and statistical. The scientific novelty of the received results. It was found that the structural-functional state of erythrocytes under type 1 DM is changed, which is revealed by the reduction in alcian-induced aggregation, by a lower resistance to the action of acid hemolytic, and by redistribution of a percentage content of cytoskeletal proteins of the cells. For the first time, the research revealed the content of the main erythrocytes membrane glycoproteins, i.e. glycophorine A and band 3 protein, in type 1 diabetes. There were also changes in the structure of carbohydrate determinants of erythrocyte mem-brane glycoproteins of the cells under the pathology. For the time, it has been shown that aminoguanidine exerts the corrective effect on the content of erythrocyte population, its hemolytic stability, aggregation abilities; on the general content of hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin; the daily production and ripping ve-locity of reticulocytes; the content of membrane bound sialic acids; and the relative content of protein membrane erythrocytes in rats under EDM. The received results corroborate the positive corrective effect of aminoguanidine on the morphofunctional state of erythrocytes under type 1 DM, which testifies to the possibility of seeking a new pharmacological cure for diabetes, its prevention, and prevention of its com-plications based on aminoguanidine. A complex cytochemical study of the functional state of erythro-cytes, using lectins as structural-functional probes carbohydrate determinants, is a new direction of diag-nostic and prognostic approaches to the clinical treatment of the pathology. Area of use - biochemistry.