Liubych V. Optimization of the nitric nutrition of spring triticale on the chornozem opodzolic of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Object - interelation between the movable compounds of nitrogen in the soil, rates and terms of introduction of nitrogenous fertilizers and regime of nutrition of the varieties of spring triticale plants. Aim - to set up the ways of optimization of nitrogenous nutrition of the varieties of spring triticale due to effective rates and terms of introduction of nitrogenous fertilizers and diagnostics of nutrition of plants with the aim of getting stable high quality yields of grain on chernozem opodzolic of the Right-bank Forest-steppe. Methods - field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical and calculation-comparative. Theoretical results - the theoretical approach to solving the problem of optimization of the process of nitrogenous nutrition of the plants of spring triticale, which are based on the use of a complex method of evaluation of plant reaction to the change of nitrogenous regime of soil effected by fertilizers was worked out; the optimal level of nitrogenous nutrition of spring triticale plants on getting the yield of grain of required quality was defined. Practical results - practical measures as to the definition of the rates of nitrogenous fertilizers for the varieties of spring triticale, which ensure the planned yield of required quality were grounded; levels-parameters of provision of the plants of spring triticale with nitrogen were found; they are recommended to be introduced in agricultural production in order to prognosticate the yielding capacity; specified indices of relative removal of major elements of nutrition are to be used for the calculation of fertilizer rates. Novelty - for the first time in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on chernozem opodzolic the system of fertilization of spring triticale was worked out, which envisages introduction of fertilizer at a rate of P90K90 under autumn ploughing and N90-120 under presowing cultivation. The use of this system of fertilization ensured the yielding capacity of Khlibodar kharkivskyi spring variety of triticale on the average during the three year period - 66,1-69,1 cwt/ha, and of Solovey kharkivskyi variety - 63,3-66,1 cwt/ha. The diagnostics of nitrogenous nutrition of the plants of spring triticale was improved thanks to a portative N-tester and to the scale of provision of the plants with nitrogen. The peculiarities of assimilation of the major elements of nutrition by the plants of various spring triticale varieties were found, the quantitative and relative indices of their removal by yield depending on the rates and terms of introduction of nitrogenous fertilizers were defined. The balance of major nutritious elements in the soil and its intensity depending on the spring triticale varieties, their fertilization and use of straw was defined. The degree of introduction - the results of research were introduced in 2009 in the partnership with limited liability "Dubova" of Uman district, Cherkasy region on the area of 65 ha and in the closed joint-stock company "Zernoprodukt MKP" of Trostianets district, Vinnytsia region on the area of 150 ha. They are also used in the teaching process of Uman National University of Horticulture. Sphere - agriculture.