Kiose T. Acid-modified basalt tuffs. Preparation, properties, and use.

Subjects of Study: natural and chemically modified basalt tuffs as adsorbents and supports. Objective of Study: to develop methods for acid modification of basalt tuffs originating from Polytskoe and Berestjvetskoye deposits; to reveal correlations between physicochemical properties of samples obtained, features of the formation of surface Cu- and Cu-Pd complexes and the catalytic activity of the latter. Research Methods: X-ray phase analysis, IR spectroscopy, differential thermal and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA and DTG), temperature-programmed NH3 desorption (TPDNH3), thermal argon desorption, elemental analysis, adsorption-desorption of metal ions and water vapor, and kinetic method. Theoretical and Practical Results and Novelty: physicochemical properties of the natural and chemically modified basalt tuffs have been systematically studied and some criteria for their predictable choice as supports of copper-palladium catalysts have been developed. It has been found that the BT and H-BT samples differ in both their SiO2/Al2O3+Fe2O3 mass ratio and the ratio of their predominant phases, CLI, MO, Mont. These parameters sufficiently affect acid and adsorption-desorption properties of BT and H-BT towards Cu(II), Pd(II), and water vapor. It has been found that, when Pd(II) and Cu(II) complexes are supported on H-BT samples, the metal ions are located not only on aluminosilicate phases, CLI, MOR, and Mont, but also on oxide phases. Procedures for the obtaining of supports with required physicochemical properties and for the anchoring Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes with reproducible and stable catalytic properties in low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation have been suggested. The physicochemical properties of natural and chemically modified basalt tuffs from Polytskoe and Berestjvetskoye deposits determined in this work as well as the influence of the former on the catalytic activity of anchored Cu-Pd complexes in low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation give a theoretic base for a purposeful and valid choice of available domestic natural sorbents and obtaining their acid-modified forms suitable for the use as supports of metal-complex catalyst for the oxidation of gaseous toxicants with air oxygen. Degree of implementation: The results obtained have been used for the development of a new catalyst for low-temperature air purification from CO characterizing by stable protective properties (TU U 24.6-02071091-001:2008) which advantages are low Pd (0.24 wt. %) and Cu (0.53 wt. %) contents and the use of the affordable support. The application of the composition in personal safety equipment from CO is licensed by the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine. The theoretic conclusions are used in the special course "Ecologic catalysis" in its part "Physicochemical principles of the air purification from carbon monoxide" delivered for the students learning at Chemical Department of ONU. Scope of Application: Inorganic Chemistry.