Rogach T. Physiological Bases of Adjusting of Morphogenesis and Productivity of Sunflower by Chlormequat-chloride and Treptolem

The dissertation is devoted to the study of influence of retardant of chlormequat-chloride and a growth stimulator of treptolem on morphogenesis, productivity and quality of oil in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). It is set that the regulators of growth were instrumental in the substantial changes of morphogenesis, anatomic structure and productivity of plants. The blocking of the activity of apical merisrem under the action of antigibberellic preparation of chlormequat-chloride repressed linear growth of plants. Under act of complex stimulator the treptolem height of plants was insignificantly increased or changed not, but at application of mixture of these regulators deceleration of growth was not such substantial. Under act of preparations the area of leaf surface increased with the simultaneous thickening of leaves as a result of excrescence of basic palisade tissue - chlorenchyma. The use of preparations has led to strengthening of mechanical durability of a stalk owing to increase in its diameter at the expense of increase in quantity of numbers collenchyma and thickening of sclerenchyma fibres with simultaneous increase in a thickness of their cell membranes that reduced culture lodging. It is confirmed that under influence of growth regulators transport of carbohydrates from leaves and stalks to calathide heads and seeds owing to what productivity of culture improved. The most effective application turned out to be of chlormequat-chloride and its mixture with treptolem. Besides, under the influence of preparations processes of hydrolysis of albumen in vegetative organs and outflow of nitrogen containing compounds to seeds increased. The changes in the source-sink system of a plant led to redistribution of streams of assimilates to the economic important organs - achenes. It is established that chlormequat-chloride, treptolem and their mixture raised the productivity of sunflower. Efficiency of application of preparations depended on a direction of action of a growth regulator and weather conditions of vegetation. It is proved that use of regulators of growth under typical conditions of vegetation led to the improvement of qualitative oil composition owing to increase in the maintenance of unsaturated fat acids in it, that testify the chromatography and titration analyses. Spraying of crops of sunflower with chlormequat-chloride and treptolem in a phase of 5-6 pair of leaves did not result in the accumulation of preparations in seeds, and residual quantities of the applied growth regulators did not exceed maximum admissible concentrations.