Zhuk I. Role of endogenous regulator systems in wheat drought tolerance

The dissertation deals with the research the role of NO-signaling system and the importance of water transport via aquaporin water channels in wheat productivity by natural drought. For the first time it is shown that NO regulates the water status of wheat plants. By the nature of the reaction of NO effect varieties divided into three groups. NO caused fluctuations in irrigation of leaves in weak varieties and strengthened outflow of water from leaves to ears in resistant varieties. For the first time it is investigated the role of water transport in aquaporin channels in the regulation of water regimen of wheat under drought. The nature of inhibition activity aquaporin water channels in wheat leaves of plants was determined by specific variety and in a lesser degree - the type of inhibitor. The most significant inhibition of water transport activity was in weak varieties and the lowest - in resistant. For the first time it is demonstrated that endogenous NO regulatory effect decreased destructive effects of natural drought on the chloroplasts of leaf mesophyll cells. For the first time it is shown that mercury chloride caused destruction of chloroplasts of wheat leaves, changed the shape of the outer membrane, location and size of starch granules. It is shown that high temperature stress increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and catalase. Treatment wheat of NO donor reduced the level of oxide stress reduced the total peroxidase activity. For the first time it is shown the morphogenetic of NO effect on wheat plants, that increased the leaf size, number of grains in the ear, 1000 grain weight, wheat yield. For the first time it is established that inhibition of water transport via aquaporin channels in wheat booting phase is critical for growth, development and productivity of plants. Therefore, we first determined that endogenous regulator systems NO-signaling and water transport via aquaporin water channels play an important role in wheat drought tolerance.