Chelyadyn V. Obtaining, structure, electrochemistry nanoparticles of titania, magnesia and its hydrated forms.

It was found out that the phase state of titania, obtained by hydrolysis of titanium (IV) cloride by hydrochloric acid, is determined by the type and spatial organization of formed titanium-containing hydrocomplexes. Crystallization of a certain phase of TiO2 is possible in case of equality or proximity of the average values of the distances Ті-О for precursor molecules and in TiO6 octahedron of a certain polymorphic modification. Specific capacity of lithium current source (LCS) with cathodes based on TiO2 is determined by phase material, morphology, surface state and its hydration degree. Discharge process includes the following stages: passivation of the electrode surface by products of the electrolyte destruct, intercalation of Li-ion into the cathode, the formation in the surface layer of LiHCO3, Li2CO3, LiOH and Li2O. Isomorphic intercalation of iron ions in the structure of titania (TiO2 <Fe>) is proved and the dependence of the phase composition of dispersion on the doping degree is fixed. Specific capacity of LCS with cathode (975-2700 mA h g-1) based of polytitanic acids ТіО(ОН)2 Н2О and ТіО(ОН)2 is the result of the electrolyte resistance against decomposition, which ensured by the presence of adsorbed carbonates. Specific capacity of LCS based on fumed TiO2 (to 1550 mA h g-1) is the result of increasing the amount of absorption centers for Li+ as a result of cracks generation in the material particles surface layers at the relaxation of mechanical tensions arising around nucleus of the phases Li0,5TiO2 and LiF. Morphology of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles obtained by sedimentation is defined by sintering temperature and the surface. Сurrent formation of LCS with cathodes based on magnesium hydroxide based on the intercalation of lithium ions in the structure channel to hydroxyl protons.