Gladkih E. The regulars of aftereffects of mineral fertilizers on agricultural chemistry and physical-chemical properties of chernozem typical in Left-bank Forest Steppe and its productivity

Object - processes that characterize the changes of agrochemical and physical-chemical properties of a typical heavy loamy chernozem amid aftereffect of mineral fertilizers. Purpose - determine the effect of long-term aftereffect of fertilizers on the changes in the physical-chemical and agrochemical properties of typical chernozem, the productivity level of crop rotation and ecological effects. Methods - field, vegetation, laboratory analytical. Research results processed by methods of correlation and analysis of variance. Theoretical results - elaborated the theoretical approaches to solution to the problem of study optimal dose of fertilizers, subject to prior their application on the base by studying the influence of the aftereffect of fertilizers on physical-chemical and agrochemical properties of chernozem typical, which is of great importance in improving the productivity of the soil in the Left-bank Forest-Steppe. built a mathematical model of changes of phosphate level of typical chernozem after cessation of fertilizer and calculated the regression equation, which allows predicting the duration of the aftereffect of phosphate fertilizers. Practical results - established a long-term effect of fertilizer in stock and recommended ways of enhancing of the effectiveness of agrochemical backgrounds by means of controlling of the frequency and dose of fertilizer. The obtained results allow us to optimize the dose of mineral fertilizers in accordance with the content of mobile forms of macronutrients in the soil and to reduce the cost of their purchase. Novelty - found out the impact of long-term (25 years) aftereffect of different species, doses fertilizer and timing of their application on the physical-chemical and agrochemical properties of typical chernozem, the productivity level of crop rotation. Determined that in the context of making a spare high doses of fertilizers occurs accumulation of residual forms of nutrients, especially phosphate; migration of nitrate form of nitrogen in the soil profile to a depth of 160 cm, raising the level of productivity of crop rotation by 20-30%. Demonstrated a significant increase in the intensity of change of mobile forms and fractional composition of macronutrients in the soil for the systematic application of fertilizers under the crop rotation cultures compared to their long-term aftereffect. The change of the content is determined (tendency to increase) in soil of mobile forms of heavy metals and fluoride, subject to high doses of mineral fertilizers in reserve and systematically. Degree of application - materials of the dissertation are recommended to use in the course of agricultural production in the farms of different ownership forms to optimize the dose of fertilizers. Implementation of the results of research is conducted in FA "ASP Agro" Valkovsky district Kharkov region in 2011 on an area of 100 hectares and in SI "Sumy Regional State Design and Development Center of the fertility and quality of products" on an area of 10 hectares. The field is agriculture.