Bidnyna I. The efficiency of fertilizer application under oil flax on the dark-chestnut soil of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Object - the influence of mineral fertilizers on the nutrient status of the soil, yield and quality of oilseed flax. Purpose - to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers and fertilizer background on the nutrient status of the soil, the growth characteristics of plants, crop formation and its quality in order to obtain the maximum productiveness of the culture. Methods - field, analytical, laboratory, calculation and comparison and mathematical statistics. Theoretical results - developed the theoretical approaches to solving the problem of fertilizing oilseed flax on dark chestnut soil of the southern Steppes of Ukraine, which are based on determining the optimal doses of mineral fertilizers under its; determined the dynamics of the main nutrients in the soil, their balance and coefficients of utilization from fertilizers on the different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. Practical results - recommended science-based effective dose of mineral fertilizer for maximum yield of oilseed flax on a dark chestnut soil. Are set the index of removal of major nutrients by this culture on the formation of units of seed yield and an appropriate quantity of straw that are needed to implement the recommended method for determining the rates of mineral fertilizers for its planned level. Novelty - developed a system of fertilization of oilseed flax, provides the application of the estimated dose of fertilizers for deep autumn tillage. This dose increase the yield of culture seed on average by 56% and provides a high return of mineral fertilizer. For the first time for the conditions of Steppe of Ukraine on dark chestnut soil determined the regularities of the effect of fertilizers on the nutrient status of the soil, the dynamics of plant growth and absorption of major nutrients, yield formation and its quality. For the conditions of region were adjusted the expenses of nutrients on forming of units of oilseed flax harvest. Degree of application - the main research results was implemented in 2009 in experimental farm "Askaniyskoye" Kakhovka district, Kherson region on the area of 37 hectares and in 2010 in experimental farm "Kopani" Belozersky district, Kherson region on the area of 15 hectares. The field is agriculture.