Tymchuk D. Dynamics of the content and ratio of carbohydrates in the grain of maize endospermic mutants

Object of research: the exchange of carbohydrates in the grain of corn. The purpose of research: the establishment of dynamics of the contents and the ratio of carbohydrates in a mature grain, in the process of its formation and during seed germinaton of the maize endospermic mutats. Methods of research: the content of carbohydrates, activity and isozyme composition of amylases were analysed by the spectrophotometric, polarymetric and electrophoretic methods, the size and structure of starch granules - by the method of light microscopy, the dynamics of the seedling growth - by the morphometric method and statistical processing of obtained results - by the methods of variance and correlation analysis. Theoretical and practical results, novelty: it have been determined the carbohydrate composition of mature grains of the maize endopermic mutants o2, sh1, sh2, su1, se, su2, ae and wx and installed it specificity in each mutant. It is proved that the effect of endospermic mutations on the accumulation of various carbohydrates' fractions in the process of grain ripening with the greatest strength manifests prior to the 40th day after pollination. A positive correlation between the content of starch in the seeds of corn, the activity of amylases and intensity of growth of sprouts were showed. It have been established the enrichment of isozyme composition of amylases and increasing the activity of its major isoenzymes in the process of seed germination of the maize endospermic mutants. The data on the relationship between the starch content and fractional composition with the size and structure of surface of the grain starch granules were refined and supplemented. The obtained results are used by Institute of Plant Production nd. a. V.Ya. Yuryev NAAS, National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, National Pharmaceutical University, Kharkiv National Pedagogical University nd.a. G.S. Skovoroda, Kharkiv State University of Nutrition and Trade and the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" in the breeding of technical and sugar corn, the teaching of normative and special courses, as well as for the development of geno - and chemosystematics of maize and the technologies of manufacturing of new types of food, pharmaceutical and technical products.