Thesis is devoted to the investigation of extraction of complexes of palladium, chromium and vanadium by water-soluble extractants for the development of express and selective methods of separation, concentration and determination in process liquors, industrial waste and waters. Based on theoretical and experimental investigations linear dependence of distribution coefficient of differently charged complexes of precious metals from charge, that allows predicting analyte extraction behavior, has been obtained. Optimal conditions of the extraction of palladium(II) chloric compounds with usage of polyethylene glycol, and its separation from Rh(III), Ru(III) and other accompanying metals have been found for the first time, and that have been used for developing of extraction-photometric determination technique of Pd in process liquors. Based on the Pd(II) complex extraction with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) selective, express and sensible technique of Pd finding in metal junk and radioelectronic equipment residue has been developed. It has been assigned, that selectivity of extraction of Pd(II), Cr(III), V(V) complexes with PAR is reaching out with different stability of metal compounds with PAR in presence salting-out agent, injection of masking compounds into the system. Optimal condition of extraction of Cr(III), V(V) with PAR, V(IV) with thiocyanate ion, products of reaction of Cr(VI) with diphenylcarbazid with water-soluble extraction agents have been investigated. By variation of medium pH, nature of salting-out agent, and ligand division requirements of different-valence forms of Cromium and Vanadium with their consequent spectrophotometric and atomic absorbic determination have been specified. The content of extractable compounds that establishes extraction mechanism has been studied by methods of spectrophotometry in visible and IR-regions of spectrum, EPR, equilibriums' shift, molar ratios, chemical analysis. Extraction constants have been evaluated. New techniques of extraction-photometric determination of Palladium have been tested in process liquors, recycled materials, extraction-photometric and extraction-atomic-absorption determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), V(V) and V(IV) have been tested in mining, waste and surface waters. Suggested techniques differ from well-known standard techniques by their economy, rapidness, selectivity, low margin, and ecological safety.
