Scherbatsky D. Christian theodicy : conceptual genesis and religious modifications in orthodoxy and Catholicism

The thesis is devoted to the complex philosophical and religious research of the conceptual genesis and religious modifications of the Christian theodicy in orthodoxy and Catholicism. It was found out that the Theodicy which takes an important place in Christian doctrine appears due to existence of dualistic tendencies that Christianity had to resist. It was stated that the theodicy consists of the compound parts the main of which are the study about the Absolute Omnipotence and Goodness of God; fall from grace; the prediction and personal freedom; atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Together they make the entirety of the theodicy. The concept "theodicy" that appeared in philosophical and theological discourse at the beginning of the ХVІІІ century was used by theologians and philosophers as the means to protect God from usurp of His Omnipotence. The backgroundі, reasons of the theodicy appearance are viewed as well as the main factors of the conceptualization of the theodicy in the Middle Ages; five periods of its evolution are outlined. It is proved that the evolution of the theodicy is brightly noticed within gradual replacement of the idea of prediction by one of a free will of a person. The last one is actively supported nowadays by orthodox believers and Catholics. The differences and common features between Catholicism and Orthodoxy are defined as well as the other religious systems' positions which supplement the Christian theodicy.