In the dissertation research, for the first time in Ukraine, a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of natural theology, attested by the Holy Father's and scholastic thought as an attempt to build a mystical-experiential theodicy in its classical expression. Without relying on the preferences of a particular philosophical school, the author reconstructs the philosophy of God in its harmonious whole, creating a synthesis of theodicy science in the polyphony of philosophical and theological schools of Western and Eastern Christian traditions and Arab-Jewish theodicy mentality. A critical analysis of many interpretations of the theories of God's Providence, God's relationship to the world and man, evidence of the existence of God's existence.
A two-part distribution of theodicy is proposed: classical and non-classical. The classical one offers an extended three-part classification of the evidence for the existence of God's existence: cosmological, ontological, and transcendental. Subspecies of non-classical are: existential theodicy of the XIX-XX centuries, theodicy of the Absolute, physicists, deism, theism and postmodern theodicy. The main teachings of thinkers from antiquity to the present about the Personal God, which include consideration of the philosophical and religious term "person", are clarified. The analysis of the Christian-theistic category "Absolute Person" in the context of Christian personology with its religious concept of "person" is carried out. Methods of hermeneutics applied to the treatises of Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, St. Augustine, Boethius, the Areopagite, Richard of St. Victor, Raymond Lully, Allan Lille, Aquinas, Duns Scott, Spinoza, Rozmini, and others. An in-depth understanding of the connection between the concept of the transcendent and the ethical dimension and interpretation of the Bible. In this connection, the concept of the transcendent is proposed and illustrated on the example of the Holy Father's texts; the main components of the semantic space and the onto-ethical component and its role in the history of patristic thought are highlighted. A new interpretation of the transcendent eidos as a link between the ontic and ethical dimensions in the semantics of Philo of Alexandria is proposed. Its place in patristic and scholastic thought is determined. Clarified as the concept of "Person" in the teachings of Severin Boethius. which means the individual substance of intelligent nature, is the source of will, is the possessor of moral value, able to comprehend the truth. A person from the time of St. Augustine is shown in God's being, having a touch in human existence, despite the fact that human existence is finite.
The categories of divine onomatology that belong to God, united by the existence of the Absolute Person, and expressed by ontological and personal names in the teachings of the Areopagite are revealed. The concept of the "Absolute Person" in the teachings of prominent Church teachers describes the unity of God's names without favoring any of them. When this happens, the attributes of supremacy are endowed with Being and Good, which does not contradict such personal names as Love and Holiness. The position of the thinkers of the St. Victor school, Raymond Lulli is a clearly agape conceptual and psychological model of the personal being.
It was found that the concept of "Absolute Personality" in the teachings of German classical idealism is full of attraction to either a positive or a negative theological model, as evidenced by the religious and philosophical teachings of F. Schelling about the Absolute. The advantages of mystical-experiential philosophy over rational arguments of proofs of the existence of God’s existence of a priori character are clarified. For the first time in domestic philosophy, theodicy views of approx. Antonio Rozmini-Serbati, the theosophical model of the thinker is substantiated. For the first time, an in-depth hermeneutic analysis of the proof of the existence of God's existence, proposed by E. Stein, was carried out. For the first time, theodicy concepts of thinkers of the Thomistic school were compared. The ontological potential of research in the religious philosophy of J. Mareshal, E. Koret, V. Granat has been revealed.
