Dissertation deals with the investigation of peculiarities of dynamics of family adoption as a small group and identifies the social-psychological factors that contribute to the success of its functioning and ensure the effectiveness of adoption. In line to the systemic - structural approach the theoretical and methodical principles considering psychological, socio-legal standards and requirements for a creation family adoption were determined. Motives of adoption by spouses or single men and women are the primary and decisive indicators of prognostics to successfully potential parenthood - motherhood as their constructive allows to successfully overcome the difficulties in the way of upbringing a deprived child. Egalitarian attitude of potential parents is a one of the indicators of couple partnership in deciding about adoption, interchangeability their educational and household family roles, and the ability to build a subject - subjective relations with not native child. Based on a retrospective analysis of livelihoods of adoptive family we defined a set of external and internal indicators that contributed to their creation and successful functioning at different stages of development. Among them: child-centered attitude towards orphans, positive paternity motivation, divisible decision on the blood relatives adoption, particularly children and the older generation, psychological support by relevant government authorities, religious communities and children's educational institutions etc. Among the complex of destructive motives of adoption, we singled out some of them, which in most cases led to the children recurrently to orphanhood. Desired age of the child made a significant indicator of successful adoption, since strengthening the motivation of emotional acceptance of a child not of blood. Evaluative distribution of adoptive rating of the typical difficulties of adaptation period of family development testified all their functions, which included household, educational and professional livelihoods of all its members, and their duration and strength of stress was largely dependent on the psychological training of adults and children for adoption, and openness of this process, which helped to provide professional psychological support upon request. Factor analysis of a complex of previously mentioned indicators of the spouse' psychological readiness for adoption, their correlation made it possible to identify the main socio-psychological factors that resulted in the effective family functioning of adoption. Among them - the professional social-psychological assistance and readiness assessment in the early stages of the decision to adopt, values of egalitarian spouses relationships in the family as a condition of respect for the child's subjectivity in the creation of its own space, coordination of ideas about child (knowledge about the effects and deprivation varieties, biological and social background of the child, etc.) with the tasks of adoption, including economic ability of adopters, social-psychological preparation as adoptive parents so as (and) children (of blood and adopted) to the process of adoption, maturity, reflects of constructive motives, preferred age for an adoption by parents in the ratio to the age of siblings, including successful passing of adults and children difficult adaptation period, open adoption, the active family support and community involvement and equivalent child's entering into the institution of the nearest social environment. Qualified professional support of the families' livelihood by psychologists and social workers should play a leading role in the structure of social-psychological factors to ensure its efficiency up to adopted child achieves the age of majority.
