Senyk Y. LIPID CHANGES OF TISSUE FRESHWATER FISH FOR ACTION ZINC AND CADMIUM

Object of study: lipid metabolism in tissues of carp and pike on the elevated concentrations of zinc and cadmium ions. The aim of the study was to clarify the role of non-polar lipids and phospholipids in the formation toksykorezystentnosti fish to the elevated concentrations of zinc and cadmium ions aquatic environment. The study first established the value of neutral and polar lipids in cells and subcellular components gills, liver and fish muscle by the elevated concentrations of zinc and cadmium ions. Enhanced knowledge of the role of lipid metabolism in the adaptation of fish to zinc and cadmium ions at cellular and subcellular levels and the possibility to use data to assess the physiological and metabolic homeostasis of the organism of fish. The results confirmed the utility model patent "Method assess the toxicity of the water environment using lipid fish body", which can be used to assess contamination of aquatic ecosystems metal ions and the quality of fish products. Studies have shown tissue- and species-specific changes in the content of major classes of nonpolar lipids and phospholipids in cells and subcellular components of fish. There are two general areas of development of resistance of fish body with peroxidation. By action of concentrations of zinc and cadmium 0.005 mg/dm3 lipids are used to strengthen the regulation of membrane permeability, while under the influence of sublethal amounts of zinc and cadmium concentrations of both research and their role is to mechanically seal the lipid bilayer and, consequently, reduce its permeability. Investigated the subcellular distribution of metals in cells of gills, liver and muscle of fish. Established the specific nature of the accumulation of ions Zn2+ and Cd2+, as observed specific patterns of their distribution in subcellular fractions. Changes in the body's energy studied fish are in direct proportion to the amount of metal in the aquatic environment. Thus, the action of 0,5 mg/dm3 Zn2+ observed activation energy aerobic branches, as indicated by the activation of SDН and cytochrome c oxidase and decreased activity of LDH. Instead, for the actions of sublethal amounts of the metal and the two studied concentrations of cadmium was observed reversible changes in the activity of the studied enzymes, indicating the increasing role of glycolysis in the energy supply of the body of fish. The results of the research activity of lipid peroxidation in fish tissues showed that the impact of 0,5 mg/dm3 zinc content as hydroperoxides of lipids and TBA-active products decreased, which indicates that the antioxidant properties of the metal concentration. At the same time, the actions of 2,0 mg/dm3 Zn2+ and both studied concentrations of cadmium content of peroxidation products increased, which is likely to result from the prooxidant concentrations of these metals.