Tkachenko I. Optimization of nitrogen nutrition of wheat spelled ashed on podzolic chernozem in Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Object - the relationship between nitrogen regime of soil, regulations, terms and ways of nitrogen fertilizers input and nutrition regime of wheat spelled and formation of its productivity. Purpose - to establish optimal rules, terms and ways of nitrogen fertilizers input for wheat spelled to obtain stable yields of quality grain to podzolized chernozem of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods - field, analytical, laboratory and field, mathematical-statistical, calculative and comparative. Theoretical results - the theoretical generalization and new solution of optimize the mineral nutrition of wheat spelled for the planned level of yield and quality of grain on chernozem podzolized of Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine due to optimum dose, timing and methods of fertilization. It is proved that an important indicator of soil nitrogen nutrition diagnosis are mineral compounds of nitrogen in the soil in the earing stage and full ripeness of grain. The features of assimilation of the main nutrients by wheat spelled and their removal harvest are determined. Practical results - the system of application of nitrogen fertilizers for wheat spelled has been developed according to the results of soil and plant rapid diagnostics with the help of "N-tester" in different phases of growth and development, which allows to get a target yield of appropriate quality. Levels and parameters of availability of nitrogen for wheat spelled have been developed that are recommended to practice in agricultural production for forecasting yields and grain quality. The indicators of relative removal of the main nutrients for fertilizer calculation rules have been calculated. Novelty - the system of wheat spelled fertilization has been developed for the first time for conditions of podzolized chernozem of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, which involves fertilizing with a norm of P60K60 under presowing cultivation and of N60 in early spring and a tillering stage; it has been found that foliar feeding of plants in the phase of milk ripeness with urea solution at a dose of 30 kg/ha e. g. helps to ensure a high protein (22.7%) and gluten (47.9%) content; diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition of wheat spelled has been developed using a portable device N-tester and a scale of supply of plants with nitrogen; the peculiarities of use of the basic elements of nutrition by plants of wheat spelled, their harvest and balance in the soil have been defined, depending on the rules and timing of nitrogen fertilizers; an economic and energy efficiency of mineral fertilizers use in the norm of N120P60K60 for wheat spelled has been justified. Degree of application - the main results of the research were implemented in 2013 in Limited Liability Company "Nadiya" of Talne district in the area of 53 hectares and in Agricultural Company "Liga" of Uman district of Cherkasy region in the area of 47 hectares. The field is agriculture.