Skopova O. Crisis of constitutional-monarchist regime in Spain (1918-1930)

In thesis peculiarities of Spanish parliamentarianism and party-political system at the period of the crisis of constitutional-monarchist regime are analysed. After almost a whole century of political instability and many civil wars, the aim of the Restoration was to create a new political system, which ensured stability. This was the deliberate rotation of the Liberal and Conservative parties in the government, while all other parties were excluded from the system. This was achieved by electoral fraud. Opposition to the system came from republicans, socialists, anarchists, Basque and Catalan nationalists. Complicating the situation is typical for the time of the Spanish reality of socio-economic problems: economic backwardness, slow capitalist development, the landless rural labourers, unemployment, low standard of living of the majority of Spaniards, social differentiation, strike movement, anarchist terror. Growing social and political polarization manifested in the development of the labor movement and a massive upsurge of strikes and social unrest in urban and rural Spain.