Ivanchyshyn V. Frequency of malocclusions and peculiarities of orthodontic treatment of children living in the region of increased content of fluoride.

Object of research - clinical and laboratory substantiation of сomplex measures for the prevention and treatment of the fissure dental caries in children.The aim of the research - to assess prevalence of the fissure caries in children and to substantiate a differentiated approach to prevention and treatment.Methods of the research: Clinical, biochemical, odontoglific, histochemical methods and also to evaluated mikrocrystallization and mineralized potential of the oral fluid. It was established that after 24 months after the eruption of the first permanent molars fissure caries prevalence was in avarage- 66,02 ± 9,37% and DMF index was 1,85 ± 0,37 tooth. This must be considered when carrying out preventive measures. Fissure caries of first permanent molars is significantly higher among children with high intensity of caries of deciduous teeth against children with low intensity. It was found that in the oral fluid of children whose teeth were affected by fissure caries, the second and third types of crystals dominated, unlike in children with intact fissures. The high content of total calcium was revealed in the oral fluid of children with affected fissures while magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were reduced. It was proven that in the fissure caries a destruction of pits develops which extends along the enamel-dentine border. The set of preventive measures was substantiated aimed at preventing of the development of fissure caries of teeth in children, taking into account intensity and resistance of enamel caries of deciduous teeth.