Ryzhkova Y. The impact of agrochemical background chernozem typical absorption, removal and utilization rates of nutrients by plants

Object - regularities of absorption and removal of elements of nutrition by crops from the soil and mineral fertilizers depending on agrochemical background of chernozem typical. Purpose - to establish regularities of absorption, removal, optimal correlation and coefficients of usage of nutrition elements from soil and mineral fertilizers in chernozem typical in different agrochemical backgrounds for the regulation of mineral nutrition of crops. Methods - field, growing, field-laboratory, calculation-comparative and statistical-mathematical. Theoretical results - it was given theoretical justification and new solution of the impact of agrochemical background of chernozem typical on features of absorption, removal and coefficients of nutrients from the soil and fertilizers by agricultural crops in the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The effect of long-term aftereffects of various types of fertilizers and the frequency of their use on change of soil agrochemical properties was studied. There were revealed the main regularities of different combinations of fertilizers on different agrochemical backgrounds on yield and chemical composition of plants to optimize fertilization. It was investigated the dynamics of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium usage during the growing season of different crops and features of their nutrition. Practical results - forming regularities of agrochemical background of chernozem typical and its residual effect on soil nutrient regime. It was determined the features of the absorption of nutrition elements by different crops that are different to their absorption capacity. The features of assimilation of the nutrition elements depending on the agrochemical background and fertilization directly were revealed. The optimum ratio of nutrition elements in soil and plants to regulate the mineral nutrition of crops through adjustment of fertilization was determined. Novelty - for the first time in terms of Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in chernozem typical low humus heavy loamy it was determined a long-term after-effect (28-30 years) of high doses of fertilizers made in the stock, on the absorption, removal and coefficients of nutrition elements usage by plants from soil and mineral fertilizers and patterns of changes of nutrition regime and balance of nutrient elements of chernozem typical in dynamics on high agrochemical backgrounds for 42 years of the stationary field experiment; it was determined the influence of (30-years aftereffect) of phosphorus fertilizers on the dynamics of available forms content of the main nutrient elements in the soil and winter wheat; it was revealed the exceeded (three times) available forms of phosphorus compared to the control, while the ratio of N: P2O5 was changed from 1: 4 to 1: 15; it was the further development of the transformation of nitrogen and potassium soil mode for a long aftereffect (42) of the fertilization, which took place against the background of a negative balance of these elements; it was determined at all agrochemical backgrounds of chernozem typical the synergistic dependence between nitrogen and phosphorus in variants with their compatible application. Degree of application - the main results of research were implemented by growing of the winter wheat in 2014 on an area of 25 hectares in LLC "Ahrodar" of Zmiiv district of Kharkiv region and on area 31.6 hectares in FG "Valeryna" of Kremenskoho district, Luhansk region. The field is agriculture.