Klyus S. Energy efficient conversion of biomass into gas fuel and biochar in dense layer bed gasifier

The process of energy-efficient conversion of solid biofuels in dense fuel layer gasifier with moving gasification zone at atmospheric pressure was studied. The aim of the work is to improve biofuel conversion process into fuel gas and biochar with high sorption values. The state of research of solid biomass resources in Ukraine revealed significant difference in the assessment of the energy potential of straw and crop residues. So it was specified relations for the definition of the energy potential of wood and plant waste available for energy use. It was found that the theoretical energy potential in Ukraine for the period of 1990-2015 years was 1.64-3.65 Mtoe/year for wood residues and 10.0-27.9 Mtoe/year for straw and crop residues. Partial gasification of wood (pine, birch, pellets), energy willow bush, plant waste (pellets from wheat straw, sunflower stalks, buckwheat husks) at the specific air flow rate 27.5-179.0 m3/(m2*h) was studied experimentally. It was found that the partial gasification gas contains substantial amounts of methane (7.65% vol) with a high content of heavy hydrocarbons, whereby the heat of combustion gas is increased to 7.6 MJ/Nm3. For the first time developed a one-step auto-thermal method of producing activated biochar. The method of main indicators calculation of the partial gasification is specified by takіng into account the presence of heavy hydrocarbons in pyrolysis gas and the exothermic heat of reaction. Energy efficiency of partial gasification of solid biofuels was estimated.