Volvach L. Variables galactic and extragalactic sources of centimeter and millimeter radiation.

The work is devoted to investigation of the spectral properties and characteristics of the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and cosmic maser sources in the radio range. The basis of the study are obtained unique observational data using the 22-meter radio telescope RT-22 Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, the research indexes variability of radio sources, as well as the characteristics of the variability of the flux density at millimeter wavelengths and comparing the data with the results in other frequency bands. In work conducted with using the RT-22 maser cosmic radio sources, including in the atmospheres of comets, using a single antenna and the VLBI technique. The modernization of the equipment and the modern methods of observations needed for studies of almost all known cosmic masers using RT-22 are organized. The paper obtained at millimeter wavelengths middle range of GPS sources of peaks in the spectra of individual objects located in the frequency range 20-70 GHz defined spectral characteristics of objects and their variability parameters, and the estimates of the proportion of GPS quasars in millimeter wavelength range, which is 90% of the total GPS facilities. The parameters variability GPS sources in the millimeter wavelength range depending on frequency studies. Index of variability GPS sources increases with the frequency and reaches a maximum of 33% resulting from lower variability of these facilities compared to AGN type Blazar. The analysis of the full sample of AGN of the «Planck» catalog have been carried out, obtained the data showing that the AGN at millimeter wavelengths demonstrate the maximum level of variability of the flux density compared to other radio band frequencies. A separate category of AGNs shows signs of extreme changes in flux density. The data of the long-term monitoring of objects S0528+134 and AO0235+164 are presented. By conducting the harmonic analysis of the long-term multifrequency monitoring of AGN S0528+134 and AO0235+164 in the model of binary supermassive black holes (SMBH) obtained the characteristics of these binary systems: the orbital and precessional periods Tor, Tpr, mass companions of M and m, the orbit size and speed companions in orbits. The obtained parameters show that we receive the radiation from close binary systems of SMBH when the companion crosses the central accretion disk SMBH. An approach to estimating the number of observations of the brightest representatives of AGNs.