Al-Hamadani M. Synthesis, simulation and optimization of technological scheme of the continuous nitration of benzene in mixing reactors

For the first time, a systematic study of the industrial process of the continuous nitration of benzene in stirred-tank reactors by methods of mathematical modeling was carried out. These models were based on the fundamental laws of the kinetics and thermodynamics of nitration and the world technological experience. The suitability of models for the solving of some practical problems was shown. A number of new regularities of the nitration process was revealed in the models including: - There was a single steady state, which determines the stability of the reactor. - The dependence of the excess content of benzene and nitric acid in the reactor during start-up, depending on the starting temperature, was detected. - The regularities of the extraction of spent acid, as a process of nitrating of the excess of benzene by residual nitric acid, have been identified. The model of the nitration in a cascade of reactors under the real manufacture conditions, taking into account the incompleteness and inaccuracy of the information was developed. The values of the degree of conversion in the reactors calculated from the model were near to those observed in the real manufacture.