Sokolenko N. Chemistry and technology of anionic surfactants based on phenol

The dissertation is devoted to the study of the reaction of sulfomethylation of phenol and the development of a surfactant technology suitable for industrial realization, according to the properties similar to the known anionic multifunctional surfactants. This will expand a small range of known domestic dispersants. The analysis of literature sources concerning methods of obtaining water-soluble substances on the basis of phenol and formaldehyde condensation products is carried out. Based on the analysis of literature sources, the main research ideas are proposed, the purpose and objectives of the work are formulated. The possibility of accelerating the sulfomethylation reaction of phenol at low temperatures by catalysis was studied. To study the effect of catalysts on the process of sulfomethylation of phenol in an aqueous medium used nonionic surfactant - emulsifier oxyethylated isononylphenol ("Neonol AF-9-12") and cationic surfactant - Quaternary ammonium salt of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMA). Good catalytic activity of CTMAB is shown. The optimal process parameters are determined: the molar ratio of the starting components phenol: formaldehyde: sodium sulfite: water is equal to 1: 1.5: 0.5: 18; The amount of catalyst (CTMAB) 2KKM aqueous solution equal to 1.84 • 10-3 mol/l. In the first stage at a temperature of 60 ° C hold for 2 hours, then the reaction mass is kept at 90 ° C for 3 hours. It is shown that one of the main characteristics of the finished product is the polymer composition - the ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) fractions. The optimal value of the ratio of HMW/LMW, equal to 1.4-1.5 at which the obtained surfactants on the surface-active properties are close to the anionic Dispersant NF. The technology is developed and the basic technological scheme is offered, which allows to obtain two types of surfactants: brown powder (Disperser SMF-90) and aqueous solution. It is shown that by using an interfacial catalyst, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the sulfomethylation temperature can be reduced to 90 °C. The results of studying the surface-active properties of the synthesis products are presented, which prove that the obtained products are multifunctional anionic surfactants. Toxicological and hygienic characteristics of synthesized surfactants were studied. The field of application of phenol sulfomethylation products in industry is proposed: as a dispersant in grinding dyes and pigments; as a dispersant and stabilizer of emulsions in the manufacture of water-emulsion, latex facade paints; as equalizers at dyeing of textile products; as a stabilizer, plasticizer of concrete mixes in the production of building materials