Rudenko I. Fractionation of heavy hydrogen isotopes in the "mineral - water

Modern storage conditions of tritium waste in near-surface RRW (Radiation Radioac-tive Waste) storage facilities do not meet the requirements of environmentally radiation safety and cause air pollution, ecosystems, aeration zone, surface and underground aqui-fers. The thesis presents the results of research on the mechanisms and patterns of isotope-hydrogen exchange and fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in the "mineral - HTO." Ex-perimental determination of interfacial redistribution of tritium in water-mineral systems and quantitative accumulation of tritium in the structure of clay minerals and zeolite. The effectiveness of reducing the specific activity of tritium increases in the series sys-tems: kaolinite ? saponite <palygorskite <sepiolite <montmorillonite. The clinoptilolite is accumulated to 4.03 Bq / g tritium withdrawn from "HTO" aqueous solution and residual tritium specific activity "НTO" is 58% of its initial value. This confirms the rationale of its use in filtration systems with clays. Investigated the effect of heat treatment on hydrogen isotope fractionation of clay min-erals of different structural types and clinoptilolite and adsorption properties in closed sta-tionary systems "mineral - HTO." The accumulation of tritium in a thermally-treated clay minerals increases from 1.7% (saponite) and 16% (montmorillonite), for clinoptilolite im-proving the ability to tritium removal from aqueous solution by 1.7 times. After the heat treatment of palygorskite, saponite and kaolinite there is a significant fractionation of hy-drogen isotopes. Determined the possibility of removal of tritium deuterium water using clay and zeolite membranes. The most effective mineral membrane for isotopic fractionation of heavy hy-drogen isotopes in the filtration step TDO is palygorskite - zeolite composite. The sepio-lite-zeolite composite maximal efficiency separation of heavy hydrogen isotopes may be provided a two-stage process: In the first stage filtration TDO, when there is an accumula-tion of deuterium and tritium in the mineral substance and the second stage when the com-posite mineral deuterium is washed out with distilled water.