Martynenko V. Influence of fertilizer systems and tillage of chernozem typical on its fertility and productivity of short crop rotation

Object - processes that influence the change of soil solution reaction, nutrient content and humus balance for organic and mineral fertilizer systems in combination with plow and surface treatment of soil. Purpose - to determine the influence of organic and mineral fertilizer systems by the plow and surface soil tillage systems on typical fertility elements of chernozem typical and productivity of agricultural crops of short-range field crop rotation on chernozem typical in the conditions of the north-eastern region of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods - feld, laboratory, balance, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Theoretical results - there were developed theoretical approaches to the solution of the problem of the most effective combination of systems of fertilizing crops and soil cultivation in short-range crop rotation based on the use of principles of biological agriculture. The regularities concerning the influence of different fertilizer systems and basic tillage of chernozem typical of Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on humus content and stocks, acidity and nutrient regime of the soil, the formation of crop yields and productivity of short-rotation crop rotation, removal of the main elements of nutrition with crop yields were established. Decreasing sequence by the delivery of nutrients, in particular nitrogen, by crops of crop rotation was grounded. The balance of nutrient elements and humus on chernozem typical for different fertilizer and soil tillage systems was calculated. Practical results - in order to increase the yield of crop of short-range crop rotation of grain-beet crop rotation, the use of resource-saving fertilizer systems with the use of green manure and non-product parts of crop production, minimum doses of mineral fertilizers for optimal soil tillage systems is recommended. Novelty - for the conditions of the north-eastern region of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the chernozem typical for the first time: it is grounded the prospects of using green manure and non-part of the yield of agricultural crops as an alternative to manure; the influence of the organic system of application of fertilizers, including green manure, straw of winter wheat and a hunch of sugar beet in short-range crop rotation on the balance of humus in chernozem, is determined; it was esteblished the positive effect of the soil tillage system on the process of humification of the green manure, winter wheat straw and sugar beet and the replenishment of organic material stocks in the soil. The further development of the question: the determination of the effectiveness of the application of small doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with the surface soil cultivation system; substantiation of agrochemical, economic and energy efficiency of organic and mineral fertilizer systems in combination with plow and surface treatment of soil. Degree of implementation - the practical approaches, proposed in the work were implemented into the production of the Farm Property "Shlyakhova" in the Chutovsky District of the Poltava region on an area of 685 hectares, in the LLC "Fertility" of the Sumy district of the Sumy region on an area of 650 hectares and on productive crops in "Zorya" of the Romny district of the Sumy region on an area of 730 hectares. The field is agriculture.