Bazhina-Halushko N. Desalination of ordinary beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and development of a system for its protection in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

beans, 17 species of weeds were found, the most prevalent among cereals were: Echinochloa cruss-galli L. - 15.1-20.1 pc./m2 and Setaria glauca L. - 13.2 -17.6 pc/m2, and among the dicotyledons - Chenopodium album L. - 6.5 to 12.1 pc./m2, Amaranthus retroflexus L. - 7.3-12.1 pcs./m2, Solanum nigrum L. - 4.0-8.2 pc./m2, Sinapis arvensis L. - 7.8-9.9 pc./m2, Poligonum lapathifolium L. - 5.6-10.1 pc./m2, Galinsoga parviflora L. - 6.4-10.1 pc./m2. It was established that the combination of soil preparations and tank compositions on the stairs of the culture provided the most complete control of undesirable vegetation in crops, and in such conditions, the weeds growing that survived formed on average during the years of conducting research on the norm of seeding beans 300 thousand pcs./ha - 357 g/m2, but according to the norm 900 thousand pcs./ha - 324 g/m2 mass. It is determined that application of herbicide Bazagran, inc. allowed to obtain for harvested beans 300 thousand pcs./ha yield at the level of 2.35 tons/ha, but for norm 900 thousand pcs./ha - 2.15 tons / ha. But the use of soil and staggered drugs Dual Gold + Basagran + Pulsar 40 yields is practically inferior to pure control and ensures the formation of beans plants 2.67 and 2.43 t/ha of seeds. Volumes of nitrogen uptake by weeds are equivalent to the formation of common haricot seed crop at the level of 2.18 t/ha. Absorption volumes of phosphorus compounds are sufficient for the formation of a common crop of beans seeds of 3.9 t/ha, and potassium compounds are sufficient to form a crop of seeds of culture in the amount of 1.83 t/ha. The use of a system of successive cutting at intervals of 15 days to protect the crops of common bean from stacks of weeds to the phase of 2-4 leaves provides dying from 62.5 to 96.5% of all weed stands. The yield of seed of beans with inter-row cutting of weed stands was from 1.69 to 1.87 t/ha or 83.7-89.5 % to the maximum yield level in the experiment. The use of the protective effect of the cover crop of winter rye with a subsequent spray Rapundap of 3.5 l/ha provided a 90.0 % reduction in the amount of weed accumulation and a yield of bean seeds of 2.9 t/ha or 93.5% of the potential in the experiment. Use for protecting crops of ordinary herbicide beans in Basagran allows you to profit at the level of 23,5 thousand UAH / ha (for sowing terms of 300 thousand pieces / ha), and the use of Dual Gold + Bazagran + Pulsar 40 proved to be more effective, and allowed to provide profit 28.1 thousand UAH / ha.I