Khrom'yak N. The Karl Barth's doctrine of natural theology and its reception in modern theological thought

This thesis is the first attempt of a comprehensive analysis of the Karl Barth's natural theology in the context of confronting the basic concepts of this theological discipline of the 20th and early 21st centuries, in its connection with historical conditions and challenges that reflect the theological tradition of neo-orthodoxy, as well as the study of the influence of the Swiss thinker on modern philosophy and theology of the analytical and continental tradition. It is proved that a new understanding of Karl Barth's critique of natural theory is an urgent necessity in the context of criticism of ontoteology, which has gained rapid development at the end of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century, in connection with the attempts to rehabilitate the natural theory as a discipline in the analytical tradition of thinking, to give a phenomenological interpretation to the doctrine of analogy being in theology, which depends on the postmethaphysical continental philosophy. It was discovered that K. Barth strongly objected to the possibility of natural theology as one that could lead to the legitimization of a certain social order as a natural order. In K. Bart's time this natural order was the nazism, to which neo-orthodoxy opposed the absolute sovereignty of the transcendental God, which devalued the norms of sociality established through legalism or natural law. In the thesis it is shown that K. Barth strongly denied the possibility of natural theology as such, which could lead to the legitimization of a certain social order as a natural order. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the K. Barth's followers, for the sake of the dialogue of religion and science, tried to create neo-оrthodox natural theology. To this idea it was found necessary to overcome the division between dogmatic and natural theology. It is emphasized that the analytical natural theology rationalizes and anthropologizes the concept of God, acts as a modern form of liberal anthropological reduction of Christian theology. It is shown that phenomenological postmethaphysical natural theology restores the metaphysical doctrine of the analogy of being, destroying the possibility for the K. Barth's vision of God as absolutely transcendental.