Cherstva A. Improvement pressing technology of the rapeseeds using enzyme preparations

On the basis of the published literature review, it has been established that a number of factors have a significant influence on the process of mechanical spin of rapeseed oil from seeds. In addition to commonly known and known factors such as process temperature, working pressure in the apparatus, moisture-thermal treatment of the material subject to compression, the relationship between the press structure and the physical and mechanical properties of the pulp (temperature, humidity, and the depth of denaturation of the protein compounds) is also determinative. The conducted researches have revealed that in the traditional modes of moisture-thermal treatment of oil material and in the process of mechanical oil spill does not achieve the complete destruction of the cell structure, and fragments of undiluted cells and lipid-containing spheres remain present. The working hypothesis of thesis is use of combined enzyme preparations to prepare the oilseeds for pressing will increase the yield of oil due to the effect of biocatalysts on the structure of the oil material. On the basis of this, the main tasks of this work are to study the effect of cellulase and proteolytic enzymes on cell walls of rapeseed, selection of optimal ratios of substrate and biocatalysts, determination of the impact of technology on the quality of the obtained oil, industrial testing of the results of work. The experimental study, which was carried out under laboratory conditions has shown that it is possible to release a greater quantity of oil with better quality characteristics than the traditional methods of extracting oil due to the enzymes action on the cell walls of the oil material. It has been established, that the efficiency of rapeseed pressing can be increased by using enzymatic pretreatment of crushed rapeseed. The use of cellulosic and proteolytic enzyme preparations for pre-treatment of crushed oil seeds increases the number of exposed cells and increases the oil yield from rapeseed. The quantitative yield of rapeseed oil after the previous enzymatic treatment of the rapeseed has been determined and its dependence on the basic technological parameters of the pressing process has been detected. A polynomial regression model of dependence of rape seeds pressing efficiency from enzymatic pretreatment parameters namely duration treatment and quantity of enzymes with fixed activity was constructed. A technological scheme and technological instruction for the production of rapeseed oil by a press method with the use of preliminary enzymatic treatment of crushed rapeseed were developed.