The dissertation is deals with the study of the influence of feeding the carps in the pre-spawn and at the end of the vegetative periods of growth with trace elements of Zinc, Selenium and Iodine, and fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E on the activity of the antioxidant system and lipid metabolism, growth and reproductive capacity.
In the first series of studies, the effect of feeding carp females in the pre-spawning period by the complex of trace elements Zinc, Selenium and Iodine, separately and with fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E on the activity of the antioxidant system in their blood and lipid metabolism in tissues, as well as reproductive function, was studied. The inhibitory effect of these trace elements and vitamins on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and their stimulating effect on the enzyme activity of the antioxidant protection system in the blood of fish are stated.
Feeding female carp supplement with a different content of vitamins and trace elements caused an increase in the amount of total lipids in their skeletal muscles, hepatopancreas and spawn. At the same time, an increase in the content of total lipids in skeletal muscle and hepatopancreas of fish was accompanied by changes in the relative content of their individual classes. In particular, a proportional dependence of the growth of the relative amount of phospholipids was noted with a decrease in the relative amount of triacylglycerols. Such changes indicate an increase in the number of structural lipids and a decrease in the number of reserve lipids in fish tissues, possibly due to the intensive synthesis of structural lipids and the use of reserve lipids in these processes.
It was found that due to the feeding of the vitamin-mineral supplement during the pre-spawning period in the hepatopancreas and skeletal muscles of female carp, the total content of saturated fatty acids decreased. In carp spawn, the total content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids increased, while the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle of the year-olds showed a decrease in the total saturated content and an increase in the number of unsaturated (mono- and polyunsaturated) fatty acids in fish hepatopancreas.
In the second series of studies, the effect of feeding two-year-old carp with different amounts of fat-soluble vitamins and microelements included in the vitamin-mineral supplement at the end of the growing season on the activity of their antioxidant system, lipid metabolism and growth was established. An increase in the content of Zinc and Selenium in skeletal muscles, an increase in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes and a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation in their blood are noted.
Studies of lipid composition of skeletal muscles and hepatopancreas of carp two-years, which were fed the vitamin-mineral supplement, show an increase in the total lipid content. At the same time, changes in the content of individual lipid classes were recorded. Thus, the relative content of phospholipids in the hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle of the fishes of the first and second groups was greater than in the control. An additive containing a large dose of vitamins and trace elements caused a significant increase in the skeletal muscles of fish of the level of unesterified cholesterol, unesterified fatty acids and triacylglycerols.
Feeding the additive of two-year-old carp at the end of the growing season caused growth in the hepatopancreas and skeletal muscles of the total content of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids while reducing the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids.
