Lukach P. Surgical treatment of acquired heart defects using biological prostheses

The thesis is dedicated to the problem of surgical treatment of acquired heart disease in 235 patients with aortic (n=146) and mitral (n=89) valve lesions, who were implanted mechanical and biological prostheses. All patients were divided into 4 groups based on the implantation site – mitral or aortic, and the type of prosthesis – mechanical or biological: Group 1 – 49 pts with mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis; Group 2 – 40 pts with mitral valve replacement with biological prosthesis; Group 3 – 92 pts with aortic valve replacement by mechanical prosthesis; and Group 4 – 54 pts with aortic valve replacement by biological prosthesis. The implantation technique for biological prostheses in elderly patients was introduced, and its advantages were confirmed. No intraoperative mortality was registered. In early postoperative period, a few lethal outcomes caused by heart failure and blood hemorrhage were observed. A comparative analysis of the long-term results (7.8±0.6 years) demonstrated advantages of biological prostheses in elderly patients.The absence of reoperations in bioprostheses groups proved the functional competency of biological valves during the observation period. No thromboembolic complications were observed in the group of bioprostheses replacement of the aortic valve.