The dissertation is devoted to solving the scientific problem of ensuring the high quality of the form of working surfaces of the entrance optics of the FTIS with the reduction of the weight of its mirrors.
A comparative analysis of the optical schemes of modern space-based FTIS has shown that the largest component of the system, which is present in all types of FTIS, is the input optics. When increasing the resolution of the system it is necessary to significantly increase its aperture, which leads to a significant increase in the weight of the system as a whole.
A new method for designing FTIS is proposed based on the division of its work into four stages: the formation of the image of the input optics in the plane of the input slit, the formation of an interference pattern on the radiation-measuring instrument, the formation of a signal by the radiation-measuring instrument, signal processing and the restoration of the spectral characteristics. For each stage, a mathematical model is developed. The research of such mathematical model of the FTIS showed that the input optics, in the case of bias, tilt or deformation of components, introduces much more distortion in the image created by the system. Therefore, the issue of weight reduction of the mirrors of the input optics of FTIS is an actual question.
A mathematical model was developed for determining the deformation of the working surface of the mirrors of the entrance optics of the FTIS under the influence of external factors (temperature, gravity, other forces and loads), which differs from the known ability to determine the deformation of both round surfaces and other forms of any shape and faster processing results when optimizing a large number of parameters. The use of such mathematical model helps to reduce the time and cost necessary for the design of the input optics with a minimum of deformations. The developed mathematical model was debugged and tested in the MATLAB software environment, after it was implemented in the application software "Deform".
The methodology of carrying out the research of the influence of the external factors (temperature, gravity, other forces and loads) on the deformation of the working surfaces of optical elements has been developed. The developed methodology allows to carry out practically complete cycle of modeling of optical elements. It can be used to determine the deformations of any optical surfaces and elements under the influence of any external factors. This methodology allows to reduce the cost of the full-scale modeling of all the processes that affect the optics and lead to its deformation and to determine the deformation itself.
Using the proposed mathematical model of deformation determination and the methodology for carrying out the research, for the first time a complex study of the influence of geometrical parameters of weight reduction and mounting, their types, sizes and types of mirrors of the input optics on the deformation of their working surface was carried out. Using created mathematical models and methodology, it is possible to calculate mirrors with a weight reduction of up to 80%, the use of which does not introduce aberrations into the optical system, and therefore does not reduce the MTF of the system.
Experimentally confirmed that the developed mathematical model for determining deformations allows precisely calculate the value of deformation of the working surface of optical components.
