Tiagur V. Increase spatial and radiometric resolution of space optical-electronic systems of remote sensing of Earth

The thesis is devoted to solving the scientific problem of improving image quality in space optical-electronic systems (OES) of remote sensing of the Earth by improving methods of design and control of their main characteristics. The first section substantiates the need to create an OES with high spatial resolution (HSR, which is based on an analysis of existing systems, their characteristics and development trends. Modern satellite ERS may include multispectral and hyperspectral scanners, space thermal imagers (STI). The most important characteristics of such systems are spatial, energy and spectral resolution, capture bandwidth, number of spectral channels. In the second section an improved model of the OES of space HSR scanners is investigated. It allowed us to determine the optimal parameters of the lens. A formula is obtained to find the required diameter of the lens aperture depending on a given spatial resolution. The formulas of modulation transfer functions (MTF) of the model individual components were obtained, which depend on the operating conditions of the scanner. The third section researches the optical systems of the HSR scanners lenses, which should have significant focal lengths. Aberrational models of new optical systems of HSR lenses are proposed. As a result of the models research, new formulas of the dependence of the lens design parameters on the distances between mirrors are obtained to correct all five third-order aberrations in the lens. The scanner optical system was optimized and new system with an additional projection lens was proposed. The fourth section is devoted to the improvement and research of the STI model in order to increase its spatial and energy resolution. Based on this model, a new formula for the minimum resolving temperature difference of STI was obtained. To increase the spatial resolution of STI, a method for obtaining and processing Subpixel-shifted images is proposed. It is carried out by turning the thermal imager relative to the direction of satellite flight. The fifth section presents the results of a research of the advantages and disadvantages of optical systems of hyperspectrometers that use prisms and diffraction gratings, as well as imaging Fourier spectrometers. As a result of the research, the technical requirements for a promising hyperspectrometer for future Ukrainian ERS satellites are formulated. The sixth section is devoted to the development of methods for measuring and researching the basic characteristics of the space OES ERS. New methods have been developed for the geometric and radiation calibration of the OES, which must be performed before launching the spacecraft. A new method is proposed for measuring the scattering coefficient of lenses, which eliminates the restriction on the diameter of the entrance pupil of the lens in relation to the inner diameter of the photometric ball, which is required by the standards. The methods of design optimization the of lightening mirrors taking into account the influence of gravity on the deformation of mirrors when monitoring a mirror surface on Earth were developed. The best option for facilitating such a mirror is the hexagonal holes in the rear wall of the mirror with the mirror mounted on three holes in the rear of the mirror. A stand for the research of thermal imagers was developed and manufactured. Computer researches of lenses, which were calculated according to the developed methods, were carried out. They confirmed the effectiveness of these methods. Keywords: Earth remote sensing, mirror lens design methods, high resolution scanners, optical systems control methods and equipment.