The dissertation is dedicated to studying the peculiarities of radiobiological effects in sexually mature rats of the first and second generations, born from irradiated by incorporated 131I animals, as well as in the animals exposed to intrauterine contamination due to incorporation of 131I on the 14th day of gestation. On the basis of the experimental model of irradiation of rats, stochastic effects of irradiation, the author has determined the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid, pituitary-gonadal units of endocrine regulation, the state of pro- and antioxidant equilibrium, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the main indices of embryogenesis, the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, neuroradiological effects in the offsprings irradiated with 131I inserted by a single oral administration of aqueous Na131I solution with the activity of 27.35 kBq. Peculiarities of radiobiological effects in the descendants of the irradiated by 131I are determined due to the tropism of the active factor to the thyroid tissue, structural and functional properties of the thyroid gland, the time of receipt of the radioisotope and the exchange of radioiodine during pregnancy (gestation period), the formation of a certain magnitude of the dose of thyroid gland, the patterns in the development of stochastic and non-malignant thyroid effects, mutational processes occurring on the background of mediated, radiation-induced changes in pro- and antioxidant systems, lipid-lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism. It was shown that in the first generation, changes in the balance of thyroid and pituitary hormones reflect the discoordination in the functioning of the pituitary-thyroid endocrine regulation (with a violation of the interconnection between thyroid hormones and the pituitary gland) and indicate the presence of latent hypothyroidism, while the second-generation offsprings have developed hyperthyroidism, at this, the principle of feedback is maintained, thus, the increase in concentration in fT4 naturally inhibits TSH secretion. On the established experimental model of the intrauterine irradiation of 131I rats by a single oral administration of 131I on the 14th day of gestation, stochastic effects were investigated in irradiated in utero in 4.5 months rats developing follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma. The compensatory increase of TSH levels was established on the background of a decrease in concentration of fT4 in serum, indicating the presence of hypothyroidism. Established in the course of the experiment changes in behavioral reactions indicate to the deterioration of cognitive properties of the brain in the irradiated in utero by 131I animals.
