The dissertation is devoted to the study of dose patterns of radiation-induced changes development occurring in cells of testes germinal epithelium and ovaries, as well as in mature oocytes, spermatozoa and seminal fluid of experimental animals under local action of ionizing radiation on reproduction system and total irradiation of organism. Analysis of body weight and genitals of experimental rats shows that local
irradiation of the testicles has almost no effect on the further development of animals and body weight. When studying the effect of local irradiation of the testicles on the mass of the testicles themselves, it was found that they begin to lose weight at a dose of 1 Gy. With increasing dose, weight loss is higher, and this becomes noticeable in the dose range of 1,0–7,0 Gy after 49 days from the moment of irradiation. The
weight loss of the testicles occurs to a certain critical mass, and then stops. Epididymis also lose weight with increasing radiation dose, and in the late stages (105–210 days) there is a gradual approach of the dose curves, which indicates the depletion of the pool of epididymal sperm and minimizing the volume of epididymal fluid. Thus, the studies established the patterns of development of radiation-induced effects occurring in the cells of the germinal epithelium of the testes, mature gametes and seminal fluid of experimental animals, both local irradiation of the pelvic area and total irradiation of the whole organism. Dose and time intervals of repopulation and restoration of spermatogenic epithelium, as well as normalization of spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis after ionizing radiation are determined. On the basis of the conducted physiological, morphological, biochemical, morphometric, immunochemical and molecular-biological researches the possible mechanism of action of ionizing radiation on gametes and germ cells of laboratory animals is offered. It is shown that such indicators as the average number of stem cells in the
seminal tubule, repopulation index, concentration of inhibin B and anti-Muller's hormone, testosterone/estradiol ratio, as well as citrate, prostaglandins, zinc ions, acrosine activity may serve as informative. course of radiation damage in the epithelium of tortuous seminal tubules and restoration of sperm-producing function of gonads and epididymis.
